{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:18:10Z","timestamp":1770956290986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T04:30:05Z","timestamp":1440563405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Correlation of Resting Elbow Angle with Spasticity in Chronic Stroke Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Minal Y.","family":"Bhadane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard E.","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1310\/GALH-DAXM-8HE8-P4E4","article-title":"Effective collaboration between physician and occupational therapist in the management of upper limb spasticity after stroke","volume":"4","author":"Scanlan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182762448","article-title":"Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity","volume":"80","author":"Wissel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr512oa","article-title":"Prevalence of spasticity post stroke","volume":"16","author":"Watkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02114.x","article-title":"Prevalence of disabling spasticity 1 year after first-ever stroke","volume":"15","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31825f13a3","article-title":"Spasticity after stroke: an overview of prevalence, test instruments, and treatments","volume":"91","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000157","article-title":"Upper-limb spasticity during the first year after stroke: stroke arm longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg","volume":"93","author":"Opheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182764c86","article-title":"Poststroke spasticity sequelae and burden on stroke survivors and caregivers","volume":"80","author":"Zorowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"185","article-title":"Pathophysiology of spasticity and clinical experience with baclofen","volume-title":"Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control","author":"Lance","year":"1980"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Spasticity: Diagnosis and Management","author":"Brashear","year":"2010"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otns.2005.02.003","article-title":"Evaluation of spasticity in adults","volume":"7","author":"Decq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Operat Tech Neurosurg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014576","article-title":"Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement","volume":"27","author":"Pandyan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.177071","article-title":"Stop using the Ashworth scale for the assessment of spasticity","volume":"81","author":"Fleuren","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.639831","article-title":"Poststroke spasticity management","volume":"43","author":"Francisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"540","article-title":"Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis","volume":"192","author":"Ashworth","year":"1964","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-5-18","article-title":"The relation between Ashworth scores and neuromechanical measurements of spasticity following stroke","volume":"5","author":"Alibiglou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.02.0020","article-title":"Measurement of lower-limb muscle spasticity: intrarater reliability of modified modified Ashworth scale","volume":"48","author":"Ghotbi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599677595404","article-title":"A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales as measures of spasticity","volume":"13","author":"Pandyan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500404305","article-title":"A systematic review of the Tardieu scale for the measurement of spasticity","volume":"28","author":"Haugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr922oa","article-title":"The Tardieu scale differentiates contracture from spasticity whereas the Ashworth scale is confounded by it","volume":"20","author":"Patrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr2104-358","article-title":"Acoustic startle reflex in patients with chronic stroke at different stages of motor recvoery: a pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200006)23:6954::AID-MUS173.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Quantitative features of the stretch response of extrinsic finger muscles in hemiparetic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Kamper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1424918","article-title":"Effect of muscle biomechanics on the quantification of spasticity","volume":"29","author":"Kamper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20453","article-title":"Effects of changing wrist positions on finger flexor hypertonia in stroke survivors","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.07.215","article-title":"Spasticity measurement based on tonic stretch reflex threshold in stroke using a portable device","volume":"119","author":"Calota","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00709.x","article-title":"Regulation of stretch reflex threshold in elbow flexors in children with cerebral palsy: a new measure of spasticity","volume":"42","author":"Jobin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.015","article-title":"Reliability of biomechanical spasticity measurements at the elbow of people poststroke","volume":"86","author":"Starsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj084","article-title":"Biomechanical measurement of post-stroke spasticity","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.03.019","article-title":"Activation deficit correlates with weakness in chronic stroke: evidence from evoked and voluntary EMG recordings","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-7-35","article-title":"The relation between neuromechanical parameters and Ashworth score in stroke patients","volume":"7","author":"de Vlugt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.10.008","article-title":"Stretch reflex spatial threshold measure discriminates between spasticity and rigidity","volume":"124","author":"Mullick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.7.773","article-title":"Pathophysiology of spasticity","volume":"57","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20285","article-title":"Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. II: emergence of muscle overactivity","volume":"31","author":"Gracies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01652.x","article-title":"The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity \u2013 from a basic science point of view","volume":"189","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2010.00149","article-title":"Spasticity mechanisms \u2013 for the clinician","volume":"1","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827624a7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke","volume":"80","author":"Burke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00192","article-title":"New insights into the pathophysiology of post-stroke spasticity","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"9","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the modified Tardieu scale and the modified Ashworth scale in hemiplegic patients with stroke","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)43025-2","article-title":"Cortical and brainstem control of locomotion","volume":"143","author":"Drew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1603-177","article-title":"Tonic stretch reflex threshold as a measure of spasticity: implications for clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Calota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500535165","article-title":"Relation between spasticity, weakness and contracture of the elbow flexors and upper limb activity after stroke: an observational study","volume":"28","author":"Ada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1567098094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fneur.2015.00183\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2015.00183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]}}}