{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:20:45Z","timestamp":1773984045119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T03:37:38Z","timestamp":1488166658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sleep Disorders: Is the Trigemino-Cardiac Reflex a Missing Link?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tumul","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barkha","family":"Bindu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyaninder Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345660450042701","article-title":"Incidence of bruxism","volume":"45","author":"Reding","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.9.705","article-title":"Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women","volume":"20","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.71","article-title":"New molecular knowledge towards the trigemino-cardiac reflex as a cerebral oxygen-conserving reflex","volume":"10","author":"Sandu","year":"2010","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00659.x","article-title":"Oxygen-conserving reflexes of the brain: the current molecular knowledge","volume":"13","author":"Schaller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.136","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamic changes during the trigeminocardiac reflex: description of a new animal model protocol","volume":"10","author":"Sandu","year":"2010","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.50974","article-title":"The trigeminocardiac reflex \u2013 a comparison with the diving reflex in humans","volume":"11","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000484","article-title":"Trigeminal cardiac reflex: new thinking model about the definition based on a literature review","volume":"94","author":"Meuwly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-149","article-title":"Usefulness of case reports to improve medical knowledge regarding trigemino-cardiac reflex in skull base surgery","volume":"5","author":"Sandu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.10.19","article-title":"Trigemino-cardiac reflex and antecedent transient ischemic attacks","volume":"8","author":"N\u00f6then","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0458-4","article-title":"Trigeminocardiac reflex. A clinical phenomenon or a new physiological entity?","volume":"251","author":"Schaller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00221","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome \u2013 role of trigeminocardiac reflex: a review","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2012.12220941","article-title":"Sleep bruxism, an autonomic self-regulating response by triggering the trigeminal cardiac reflex","volume":"40","author":"Schames","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-160797-7\/50009-4","article-title":"Normal human sleep: an overview","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"Carskadon","year":"2005","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.4.325","article-title":"Increases in number of REMs and REM density in humans following an intensive learning period","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2597","article-title":"Cerebral O2 metabolism and cerebral blood flow in humans during deep and rapid-eye movement sleep","volume":"70","author":"Madsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302043280502","article-title":"Sympathetic-nerve activity during sleep in normal subjects","volume":"328","author":"Somers","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"33","article-title":"Sleep physiology","volume-title":"Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem","year":"2006"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications","volume":"146","author":"Sateia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9706079","article-title":"Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity","volume":"157","author":"Bixler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9911064","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender","volume":"163","author":"Bixler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800020801","article-title":"Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during sleep in humans","volume":"80","author":"Lavigne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200408","article-title":"Evidence that experimentally induced sleep bruxism is a consequence of transient arousal","volume":"82","author":"Kato","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750010601","article-title":"Sleep bruxism: validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polysomnographic study","volume":"75","author":"Lavigne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-160797-7\/50107-5","article-title":"Systemic and pulmonary hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"Young","year":"2005","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study","volume":"365","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2154","article-title":"Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations","volume":"97","author":"Javaheri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh261","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance: the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"160","author":"Punjabi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/79690","article-title":"A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains","volume":"6","author":"Peyron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B29","author":"CDC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) [Online]"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-160797-7\/50105-1","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmogenesis during sleep: mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapy","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"Verrier","year":"2005","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400104","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms involved in sleep bruxism","volume":"14","author":"Lavigne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2001.00839.x","article-title":"Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally","volume":"28","author":"Lobbezoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.644","article-title":"Familial nocturnal facio-mandibular myoclonus mimicking sleep bruxism","volume":"58","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.6.2486","article-title":"Activity of rostral trigeminal sensory neurons in the cat during wakefulness and sleep","volume":"73","author":"Cairns","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"340","article-title":"Sleep apnea, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden death","volume":"38","author":"Ludka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00536.x","article-title":"Sleep bruxism is associated to micro-arousals and an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity","volume":"15","author":"Huynh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"461","article-title":"Association between sleep bruxism, swallowing-related laryngeal movement, and sleep positions","volume":"26","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0183","article-title":"The significance of saliva during sleep and the relevance of oromotor movements","volume":"6","author":"Thie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"549","article-title":"Reduction of sleep bruxism using a mandibular advancement device: an experimental controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Landry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800101501","article-title":"Sleep bruxism: an oromotor activity secondary to micro-arousal","volume":"80","author":"Kato","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.11.017","article-title":"Genesis of sleep bruxism: motor and autonomic-cardiac interactions","volume":"52","author":"Lavigne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4449\/aib.v150i4.1420","article-title":"Prolonged hypotensive and bradycardic effects of passive mandibular extension: evidence in normal volunteers","volume":"150","author":"Brunelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(84)90233-4","article-title":"Role of medullary reticular neurons in the inhibition of trigeminal motoneurons during active sleep","volume":"84","author":"Chase","year":"1984","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"145","article-title":"The excitability of the trigeminal motor system in sleep bruxism: a transcranial magnetic stimulation and brainstem reflex study","volume":"20","author":"Gastaldo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-597OC","article-title":"Endogenous excitatory drive modulating respiratory muscle activity across sleep-wake states","volume":"174","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5787","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.159392","article-title":"Noradrenaline triggers muscle tone by amplifying glutamate-driven excitation of somatic motoneurones in anaesthetized rats","volume":"586","author":"Schwarz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0334-08.2008","article-title":"An endogenous glutamatergic drive onto somatic motoneurons contributes to the stereotypical pattern of muscle tone across the sleep-wake cycle","volume":"28","author":"Burgess","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1139\/y06-089","article-title":"Respiratory motor activity: influence of neuromodulators and implications for sleep disordered breathing","volume":"85","author":"Horner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5692-7_57","article-title":"Noradrenergic control of trigeminal motoneurons in sleep: relevance to sleep apnea","volume":"669","author":"Schwarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.3.1059","article-title":"Pontine cholinergic mechanisms enhance trigeminally evoked respiratory suppression in the anesthetized rat","volume":"87","author":"Dutschmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488109133292","article-title":"Breathing disorders in sleep associated with \u201cmicroarousals\u201d in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"92","author":"Lavie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S8088","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nasal congestion","volume":"3","author":"Naclerio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-002-0021-2","article-title":"Neurology of allergic inflammation and rhinitis","volume":"2","author":"Canning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-008-0025-7","article-title":"Nasal reflexes: implications for exercise, breathing and sex","volume":"8","author":"Baraniuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1996.tb01730.x","article-title":"The diving reflex in non-eosinophinic non-allergic rhinitis","volume":"21","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709128806","article-title":"Parasympathetic influence on the nasal mucosa","volume":"83","author":"Angg\u00e5rd","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1046-1","article-title":"Trigeminal induced arousals during human sleep","volume":"19","author":"Heiser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.4.506","article-title":"Arousal responses to olfactory or trigeminal stimulation during sleep","volume":"30","author":"Stuck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.4.287","article-title":"Sleep and cardiorespiratory characteristics of infant victims of sudden infant death: a prospective case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Kahn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.5.865","article-title":"Sleep state organization in normal infants and victims of the sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Schechtman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00434.x","article-title":"Comparison of postnatal development of heart rate responses to trigeminal stimulation in sleeping preterm and term infants","volume":"14","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.04.002","article-title":"Heart rate responses to non-arousing trigeminal stimulation in infants: effects of sleep position, sleep state and postnatal age","volume":"81","author":"Tuladhar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1951.165.3.505","article-title":"Ventricular ectopic rhythms and ventricular fibrillation following cardiac sympathectomy and coronary occlusion","volume":"165","author":"Harris","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302549","article-title":"Role of the autonomic nervous system in modulating cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"114","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018443.44005.D8","article-title":"Autonomic tone variations before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"105","author":"Bettoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.5.1204","article-title":"Dispersion of refractoriness in canine ventricular myocardium. Effects of sympathetic stimulation","volume":"68","author":"Opthof","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.867028","article-title":"Impact of sleep on arrhythmogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Verrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.1.131","article-title":"Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death","volume":"75","author":"Muller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics \u2013 2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118235","article-title":"Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"96","author":"Somers","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.027","article-title":"Day-night variation of acute myocardial infarction in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"52","author":"Kuniyoshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.080","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a longitudinal study of 10.701 adults","volume":"62","author":"Gami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00063\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T11:11:05Z","timestamp":1692702665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00063\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]}}}