{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:52:29Z","timestamp":1791910349959,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528416000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T00:56:21Z","timestamp":1528419381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evaluation of Clinical and Paraclinical Findings for the Differential Diagnosis of Autoimmune and Infectious Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Judith N.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ognian","family":"Kalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sonnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingomar","family":"Krehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim J.","family":"von Oertzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2333-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis in southwest China","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010701202238","article-title":"Neuropsychological and psychiatric profiles in acute encephalitis in adults","volume":"17","author":"Pewter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0176-1","article-title":"Encephalitis and epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Bauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03615.x","article-title":"Seizures and encephalitis: clinical features, management, and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms","volume":"53","author":"Michael","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03842.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, risk factors and pre-surgical evaluation of post-infectious epilepsy","volume":"20","author":"Sellner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01751.x","article-title":"Viral encephalitis and epilepsy","volume":"49","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12974","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"46","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.02.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of infectious encephalitis causes in 2016","volume":"47","author":"Boucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004541","article-title":"Antibody-associated CNS syndromes without signs of inflammation in the elderly","volume":"89","author":"Escudero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.04.046","article-title":"Autoantibody-mediated diseases of the CNS: structure, dysfunction and therapy","volume":"132","author":"Varley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.16010","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OD06-07","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/16999.6966","article-title":"HSV Encephalitis with NORMAL CSF - a case report with review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Rawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1038","article-title":"The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project","volume":"54","author":"Gable","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/v9060138","article-title":"Viral encephalitis of unknown cause: current perspective and recent advances","volume":"9","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a2cc6d","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in acute encephalitis","volume":"81","author":"Thakur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2109.150295","article-title":"Encephalitis Surveillance through the Emerging Infections Program, 1997-2010","volume":"21","author":"Bloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.04.007","article-title":"Retrospective case series of the clinical features, management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Dubey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146455","article-title":"Effect of immunotherapy on seizure outcome in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a prospective observational registry study","volume":"11","author":"Byun","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Titulaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx323","article-title":"The importance of early immunotherapy in patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures","volume":"141","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02735.x","article-title":"Factors associated with delay to acyclovir administration in 184 patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Poissy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458","article-title":"Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium","volume":"57","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13180","article-title":"Anti-contactin-associated protein-2 encephalitis: relevance of antibody titres, presentation and outcome","volume":"24","author":"Bien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308814","article-title":"Limbic encephalitis due to GABAB and AMPA receptor antibodies: a case series","volume":"86","author":"Dogan Onugoren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0799-0","article-title":"Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: report of ten cases and comparison with viral encephalitis","volume":"28","author":"Gable","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X","article-title":"Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Granerod","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0974-3","article-title":"Application of the 2016 diagnostic approach for autoimmune encephalitis from Lancet Neurology to Chinese patients","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13579","article-title":"High sensitivity and specificity in proposed clinical diagnostic criteria for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis","volume":"59","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000404","article-title":"Improving the antibody-based evaluation of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"4","author":"McCracken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000396","article-title":"Cryptogenic NORSE","volume":"4","author":"Iizuka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13661","article-title":"Syndrome and outcome of antibody-negative limbic encephalitis","author":"Graus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","article-title":"Evaluation of different serological diagnostic methods for tick-borne encephalitis virus: enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunofluorescence, and neutralization assay","volume":"14","author":"Litzba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(97)00273-0","article-title":"Intrathecal IgM, IgA and IgG antibody response in tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"8","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300666","article-title":"Clinical neuropathology practice guide 4-2013: post-herpes simplex encephalitis: N-methyl-Daspartate receptor antibodies are part of the problem","volume":"32","author":"H\u00f6ftberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T00:56:24Z","timestamp":1528419384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"article-number":"434"}}