{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:51:22Z","timestamp":1792144282821,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T01:06:07Z","timestamp":1552957567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":439,"title":["Parkinson's Disease and the Environment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Peng","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaneel","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2017(11)01","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in Parkinson's disease (SUDPAR): a review of publications since the decade of the brain","volume":"72","author":"Scorza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000445751","article-title":"The Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00357","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms as predictors of quality of life in egyptian patients with parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study using a culturally adapted 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Shalash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.11.001","article-title":"Genetics of Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Lill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.03.005","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions: Key to unraveling the mystery of Parkinson's disease","volume":"94","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2015.01.004","article-title":"Progress in unraveling the genetic etiology of Parkinson disease in a genomic era","volume":"31","author":"Verstraeten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12563","article-title":"The genetic background of Parkinson's disease: current progress and future prospects","volume":"134","author":"Kalinderi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.01.025","article-title":"Potential biomarkers of Parkinson's disease revealed by plasma metabolic profiling","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01537","article-title":"Ubiquinone-quantum dot bioconjugates for in vitro and intracellular complex I sensing","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S88388","article-title":"Selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid via fluorescence quenching of inp\/zns quantum dots","volume":"10","author":"Ankireddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.03.016","article-title":"Development of electrochemiluminescence-based singleplex and multiplex assays for the quantification of \u03b1-synuclein and other proteins in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"56","author":"Kruse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-160914","article-title":"Epigenetic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease: from diagnostics to therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Jakubowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Park Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2217\/pme.10.75","article-title":"Genotype\u2013environment interactions and their translational implications","volume":"8","author":"Baye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.12.016","article-title":"Sex differences in Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Lubomski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.2","article-title":"Environmental epigenetics","volume":"105","author":"Bollati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000450855","article-title":"Gene-environment interaction in Parkinson's disease: coffee, ADORA2A, and CYP1A2","volume":"47","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03353.x","article-title":"Coffee, ADORA2A, and CYP1A2: the caffeine connection in Parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Popat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.025","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions in Parkinson's disease: specific evidence in humans and mammalian models","volume":"57","author":"Cannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0143-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of gene-environment interactions in Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Fleming","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3039","article-title":"Ageing as a primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease: evidence from studies of non-human primates","volume":"12","author":"Collier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"10","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: prevalence, diagnosis and impact","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Rep."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.09.025","article-title":"The influence of age and gender on motor and non-motor features of early Parkinson's disease: initial findings from the Oxford Parkinson Disease Center (OPDC) discovery cohort","volume":"20","author":"Szewczyk-Krolikowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10644","article-title":"Diagnostic considerations in juvenile parkinsonism","volume":"19","author":"Paviour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00430","article-title":"Role of estrogen and other sex hormones in brain aging. Neuroprotection and DNA repair","volume":"9","author":"Z\u00e1rate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.03.010","article-title":"Sex differences in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders","volume":"259","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00397","article-title":"Increase of reproductive life span delays age of onset of Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Frentzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945","article-title":"The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000275491","article-title":"Geographic and ethnic variation in Parkinson disease: a population-based study of US medicare beneficiaries","volume":"34","author":"Wright Willis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg068","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race\/ethnicity","volume":"157","author":"Van Den Eeden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25912","article-title":"The association between Parkinson's disease and melanoma","volume":"128","author":"Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12029","article-title":"Environmental stress, ageing and glial cell senescence: a novel mechanistic link to Parkinson's disease?","volume":"273","author":"Chinta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4337","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004337","article-title":"Socioeconomic status in relation to Parkinson's disease risk and mortality","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00501-5","article-title":"The environment and Parkinson's disease: is the nigrostriatal system preferentially targeted by neurotoxins?","volume":"2","author":"Di Monte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318294b3c8","article-title":"Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Pezzoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P6.008","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.88.16_supplement.P6.008","article-title":"Professional exposure to pesticides and heavy metals hastens Parkinson Disease onset (P6.008)","volume":"88","author":"Gamache","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21717","article-title":"Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease","volume":"66","author":"Elbaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx225","article-title":"Pesticide use in agriculture and Parkinson's disease in the AGRICAN cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Pouchieu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9736-7","article-title":"On the role of mining exposure in epigenetic effects in Parkinson's disease","volume":"32","author":"Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotox Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3641","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and occupational exposures: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses","volume":"43","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102209","article-title":"Occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease mortality in a prospective Dutch cohort","volume":"72","author":"Brouwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1159\/000254572","article-title":"Different prevalence rates of Parkinson's Disease in Urban and Rural Areas: a population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq303","article-title":"Metal emissions and urban incident Parkinson disease: a community health study of medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems","volume":"172","author":"Willis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2017-0009","article-title":"Air pollution and Parkinson's disease \u2013 evidence and future directions","volume":"32","author":"Palacios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409313","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and Parkinson's disease in Denmark: a case\u2013control study","volume":"124","author":"Ritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.03.002","article-title":"A study of the relationships between Parkinson's disease and markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities","volume":"104","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.07.002","article-title":"The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in a rural area of North-East England","volume":"16","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.10","article-title":"Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Europe: the EUROPARKINSON Collaborative Study","volume":"62","author":"de Rijk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.04.015","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in metropolitan and rural Queensland: a general practice survey","volume":"13","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01442.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes in a rural Japanese district","volume":"124","author":"Osaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1966.tb97295.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of parkinsonism in Victoria","volume":"2","author":"Jenkins","year":"1966","journal-title":"Med J Aust."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.01.010","article-title":"Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease","volume":"33","author":"Caudle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Toxicol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.012502.114457","article-title":"Ceruloplasmin metabolism and function","volume":"22","author":"Hellman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002","article-title":"Metabolism and functions of copper in brain","volume":"116","author":"Scheiber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.07.025","article-title":"Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight","volume":"74","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13306","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900323200","article-title":"Copper dopamine complex induces mitochondrial autophagy preceding caspase-independent apoptotic cell death","volume":"284","author":"Paris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2349-0","article-title":"Dietary intake of iron, zinc, copper, and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90127-7","article-title":"Serum levels of zinc and copper in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"112","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.178788","article-title":"Assessing of plasma levels of iron, zinc and copper in Iranian Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Meamar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.05.015","article-title":"Fe and Cu do not differ in Parkinson's disease: a replication study plus meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Mariani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.6.1173","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: a test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis","volume":"43","author":"Semchuk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00011","article-title":"Mechanism of copper(II)-induced misfolding of Parkinson's disease protein","volume":"1","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14019","article-title":"Copper increases the ability of 6-hydroxydopamine to generate oxidative stress and the ability of ascorbate and glutathione to potentiate this effect: potential implications in Parkinson's disease","volume":"141","author":"Cruces-Sande","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000328253","article-title":"Serum vitamins and heavy metals in blood and urine, and the correlations among them in Parkinson's disease patients in China","volume":"36","author":"Fukushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-008-0073-y","article-title":"Copper (Cu2+) induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system of rats","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.650","article-title":"Occupational exposures to metals as risk factors for Parkinson's disease","volume":"48","author":"Gorell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.tuesdaysession6.x","article-title":"Colloquium C012: manganese in CNS neurotoxicity and idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"96","author":"Aschner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7519","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707519","article-title":"Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: Shared and distinguishable features","volume":"12","author":"Kwakye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv099","article-title":"Manganese-induced parkinsonism is not idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Environmental and genetic evidence","volume":"146","author":"Guilarte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1306.018","article-title":"Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease","volume":"1012","author":"Olanow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9102","article-title":"Whole-body lifetime occupational lead exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease","volume":"114","author":"Coon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002339","article-title":"Association of cumulative lead exposure with Parkinson's disease","volume":"118","author":"Weisskopf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"119","article-title":"A comparison of concentrations of lead in human tissues","volume":"32","author":"Barry","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1039\/B416054A","article-title":"Grid search: an innovative method for the estimation of the rates of lead exchange between body compartments","volume":"7","author":"Brito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Environ Monit."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2006.21.2.105","article-title":"Involvement of environmental mercury and lead in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"Monnet-Tschudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949048","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/949048","article-title":"Toxic effects of mercury on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems","volume":"2012","author":"Fernandes Azevedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.12.011","article-title":"The retention time of inorganic mercury in the brain \u2014 A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"274","author":"Rooney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2005.03.007","article-title":"Low dose mercury toxicity and human health","volume":"20","author":"Zahir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-179006","article-title":"The MPTP story","volume":"7","author":"Langston","year":"","journal-title":"J Park Dis."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002839","article-title":"Rotenone, paraquat, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"119","author":"Tanner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9574-5","article-title":"Parkinson's disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.027003","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: the Geoparkinson study","volume":"64","author":"Dick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"B82","first-page":"227","article-title":"Explaining odds ratios","volume":"19","author":"Szumilas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.013","article-title":"Occupational pesticide exposure and adverse health effects at the clinical, hematological and biochemical level","volume":"145","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B84","volume-title":"Pesticides","year":"2017"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205455","article-title":"The scientific bases to consider Parkinson's disease an occupational disease in agriculture professionals exposed to pesticides in France","volume":"70","author":"Elbaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health Lond."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2004.07.010","article-title":"Dieldrin-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis","volume":"701","author":"Kanthasamy","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroToxicol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5864fje","article-title":"Developmental exposure to the pesticide dieldrin alters the dopamine system and increases neurotoxicity in an animal model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Richardson","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.12.020","article-title":"Dieldrin exposure induces oxidative damage in the mouse nigrostriatal dopamine system","volume":"204","author":"Hatcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087753","article-title":"Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease","volume":"302","author":"Dawson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(02)00067-0","article-title":"Synergistic effects of pesticides and metals on the fibrillation of alpha-synuclein: implications for Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Uversky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008762","article-title":"Progression of Parkinson's disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice","volume":"5","author":"Pan-Montojo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.04.003","article-title":"Thoughts on limitations of animal models","volume":"14","author":"Hartung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.195","article-title":"Occupation and risk of parkinsonism: a multicenter case-control study","volume":"66","author":"Tanner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-8-6","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease: A family-based case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Hancock","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3142","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease \u2014 a population-based case\u2014control study evaluating the potential for recall bias","volume":"37","author":"Rugbjerg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12154","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and pesticides exposure: new findings from a comprehensive study in Nebraska, USA","volume":"32","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rural Health Off J Am Rural Health Assoc Natl Rural Health Care Assoc."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807","article-title":"Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods","volume":"9","author":"Althubaiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.02.019","article-title":"Adults with a history of illicit amphetamine use exhibit abnormal substantia nigra morphology and parkinsonism","volume":"25","author":"Todd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056438","article-title":"Illicit stimulant use is associated with abnormal substantia nigra morphology in humans","volume":"8","author":"Todd","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.013","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and Parkinson's disease","volume":"64","author":"Mursaleen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.10.047","article-title":"The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters","volume":"43","author":"Kasprzyk-Hordern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.04.007","article-title":"Estimation of illicit drugs consumption by wastewater analysis in Paris area (France)","volume":"200","author":"Karolak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12061","article-title":"Using quantitative wastewater analysis to measure daily usage of conventional and emerging illicit drugs at an annual music festival","volume":"32","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12006","article-title":"Profiles of illicit drug use during annual key holiday and control periods in Australia: wastewater analysis in an urban, a semi-rural and a vacation area","volume":"108","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6809","DOI":"10.1021\/es800768h","article-title":"Stimulatory drugs of abuse in surface waters and their removal in a conventional drinking water treatment plant","volume":"42","author":"Huerta-Fontela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.11.056","article-title":"Monitoring of opiates, cannabinoids and their metabolites in wastewater, surface water and finished water in Catalonia, Spain","volume":"43","author":"Boleda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.10.004","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and their metabolites in the Ebro River basin: Occurrence in sewage and surface water, sewage treatment plants removal efficiency, and collective drug usage estimation","volume":"36","author":"Postigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1578","article-title":"Gene\u2013environment interactions in human diseases","volume":"6","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.03.015","article-title":"Amphetamine exposure is elevated in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Garwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.013","article-title":"Increased risk of Parkinson's disease in individuals hospitalized with conditions related to the use of methamphetamine or other amphetamine-type drugs","volume":"120","author":"Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.027","article-title":"Methamphetamine\/amphetamine abuse and risk of Parkinson's disease in Utah: a population-based assessment","volume":"146","author":"Curtin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.031","article-title":"Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in brain","volume":"1141","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05141.x","article-title":"Amphetamine toxicities classical and emerging mechanisms","volume":"1187","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e308052","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/308052","article-title":"Methamphetamine and Parkinson's disease","volume":"2013","author":"Granado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Park Dis."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(01)00046-8","article-title":"Is methamphetamine abuse a risk factor in parkinsonism?","volume":"22","author":"Guilarte","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroToxicol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12049","article-title":"The role of dopamine receptors in the neurotoxicity of methamphetamine","volume":"273","author":"Ares-Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.046","article-title":"Impact of methamphetamine on dopamine neurons in primates is dependent on age: implications for development of Parkinson's disease","volume":"189","author":"Morrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3087-5_19","article-title":"Cocaine: discussion on the role of dopamine in the biochemical mechanism of action","volume-title":"Cocaine and Other Stimulants Advances in Behavioral Biology","author":"Scheel-Kr\u00fcger","year":"1977"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10078","article-title":"D1 dopamine receptor: a putative neurochemical and behavioral link to cocaine action","volume":"191","author":"Hummel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1040","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.271","article-title":"Disrupted iron regulation in the brain and periphery in cocaine addiction","volume":"7","author":"Ersche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T18:17:01Z","timestamp":1721067421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":120,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"article-number":"218"}}