{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T11:21:52Z","timestamp":1793186512991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003840","name":"Irish Institute of Clinical Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004923","name":"AFM-T\u00e9l\u00e9thon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010299","name":"Institut pour la Recherche sur la Moelle \u00e9pini\u00e9re et l'Enc\u00e9phale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006510","name":"Association pour la Recherche sur la Scl\u00e9rose Lat\u00e9rale Amyotrophique et autres Maladies du Motoneurone","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013013","name":"Target ALS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T08:35:24Z","timestamp":1555058124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Spinal Cord Imaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Historical Concepts\u2014Novel Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Mounir","family":"El Mendili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Querin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Pradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/095952876705000122","article-title":"On a case of muscular atrophy, with disease of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata","volume":"50","author":"Clarke","year":"1867","journal-title":"Med Chir Trans"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"354","article-title":"Deux cas d'atrophie musculaire progressive avec l\u00e9sions de la substance grise et de faisceaux ant\u00e9rolat\u00e9raux de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re","volume":"1","author":"Charcot","year":"1869","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Norm Pathol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2011.649760","article-title":"Spinal cord markers in ALS: diagnostic and biomarker considerations","volume":"13","author":"Bede","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000569","article-title":"The changing landscape of motor neuron disease imaging: the transition from descriptive studies to precision clinical tools","volume":"31","author":"Bede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03501.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on the clinical management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MALS)\u2013revised report of an EFNS task force","volume":"19","author":"Andersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2010.495158","article-title":"Timelines in the diagnostic evaluation of people with suspected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\/motor neuron disease (MND)\u2013a 20-year review: can we do better?","volume":"11","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw061","article-title":"Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Marin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000351153","article-title":"Global epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of the published literature","volume":"41","author":"Chio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6403-4","article-title":"Improving survival in a large French ALS center cohort","volume":"259","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318214359f","article-title":"Executive dysfunction is a negative prognostic indicator in patients with ALS without dementia","volume":"76","author":"Elamin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-88555-1","article-title":"Cognitive and clinical characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying a C9orf72 repeat expansion: a population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Byrne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30089-9","article-title":"Prognosis for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: development and validation of a personalised prediction model","volume":"17","author":"Westeneng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802566824","article-title":"Prognostic factors in ALS: a critical review","volume":"10","author":"Chio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24096","article-title":"Long-term survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study","volume":"75","author":"Pupillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00106","article-title":"Clinical measures of bulbar dysfunction in ALS","volume":"10","author":"Yunusova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01005","article-title":"Clinical and radiological markers of extra-motor deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Christidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256320","article-title":"Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: facts and future horizons","volume":"13","author":"Pradat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70129-2","article-title":"Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: why so many negative trials and how can trials be improved?","volume":"13","author":"Mitsumoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.10.008","article-title":"Inflammation and neurovascular changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2017.1407795","article-title":"Longitudinal structural changes in ALS: a three time-point imaging study of white and gray matter degeneration","volume":"19","author":"Bede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.12.025","article-title":"The two-year progression of structural and functional cerebral MRI in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Menke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230424","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Goodin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.02.011","article-title":"Lessons of ALS imaging: pitfalls and future directions - a critical review","volume":"4","author":"Bede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013664","article-title":"Motor network degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a structural and functional connectivity study","volume":"5","author":"Verstraete","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9837-9","article-title":"Connectivity-based characterisation of subcortical grey matter pathology in frontotemporal dementia and ALS: a multimodal neuroimaging study","volume":"12","author":"Bede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh509","article-title":"Distinct cerebral lesions in sporadic and 'D90A' SOD1 ALS: studies with [11C]flumazenil PET","volume":"128","author":"Turner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199696277.003.0005","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI study of ALS stratified for the C9orf72 genotype","volume":"81","author":"Bede","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9636-x","article-title":"Clinical phenomenology and neuroimaging correlates in ALS-FTD","volume":"45","author":"Lomen-Hoerth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302674","article-title":"Grey matter correlates of clinical variables in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a neuroimaging study of ALS motor phenotype heterogeneity and cortical focality","volume":"84","author":"Bede","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8964-y","article-title":"Extrapyramidal deficits in ALS: a combined biomechanical and neuroimaging study","volume":"265","author":"Feron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318231526a","article-title":"Presymptomatic spinal cord neurometabolic findings in SOD1-positive people at risk for familial ALS","volume":"77","author":"Carew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309888","article-title":"Presymptomatic and longitudinal neuroimaging in neurodegeneration\u2013from snapshots to motion picture: a systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Schuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000125","article-title":"Morphometrics of the entire human spinal cord and spinal canal measured from in vivo high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"39","author":"Fradet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.124","article-title":"The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: methods","volume":"84","author":"Stroman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24911","article-title":"Nineteen-channel receive array and four-channel transmit array coil for cervical spinal cord imaging at 7T","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23720","article-title":"7-T MRI of the spinal cord can detect lateral corticospinal tract abnormality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177680","article-title":"Ultra high-field (7tesla) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Atassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27087","article-title":"Feasibility of single-shot multi-level multi-angle diffusion tensor imaging of the human cervical spinal cord at 7T","volume":"80","author":"Massire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-013-0403-6","article-title":"Construction of an in vivo human spinal cord atlas based on high-resolution MR images at cervical and thoracic levels: preliminary results","volume":"27","author":"Taso","year":"2014","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20959","article-title":"Effects of cord motion on diffusion imaging of the spinal cord","volume":"56","author":"Kharbanda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200001)43:1<133::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-X1","article-title":"Diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in vivo: estimation of the principal diffusivities and application to multiple sclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25075","article-title":"Effect of respiration on the B0 field in the human spinal cord at 3T","volume":"72","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.031","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characterization of breathing-induced B0 field fluctuations in the cervical spinal cord at 7T","volume":"167","author":"Vannesjo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21260","article-title":"Investigation of human cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord motion: implications for imaging spinal cord structure and function","volume":"58","author":"Figley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.1.8208922","article-title":"Oscillatory motion of the normal cervical spinal cord","volume":"192","author":"Mikulis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.07.048","article-title":"Feasibility of grey matter and white matter segmentation of the upper cervical cord in vivo: a pilot study with application to magnetisation transfer measurements","volume":"63","author":"Yiannakas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.089","article-title":"Demyelination and degeneration in the injured human spinal cord detected with diffusion and magnetization transfer MRI","volume":"55","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10707","article-title":"SENSE-DTI at 3 T","volume":"51","author":"Jaermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.255045202","article-title":"Parallel MR imaging: a user's guide","volume":"25","author":"Glockner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0411-2","article-title":"MR imaging of the cervical spine: assessment of image quality with parallel imaging compared to non-accelerated MR measurements","volume":"17","author":"Noebauer-Huhmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3101","article-title":"Parallel imaging of the cervical spine at 3T: optimized trade-off between speed and image quality","volume":"33","author":"Fruehwald-Pallamar","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155557","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155557","article-title":"ZOOM or Non-ZOOM? assessing spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging protocols for multi-centre studies","volume":"11","author":"Samson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2017-0078","article-title":"The reliability of reduced field-of-view DTI for highly accurate quantitative assessment of cervical spinal cord tracts","volume":"18","author":"Yokohama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.058","article-title":"The impact of post-processing on spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"70","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002186","article-title":"Simultaneous brain-cervical cord fMRI reveals intrinsic spinal cord plasticity during motor sequence learning","volume":"13","author":"Vahdat","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0b013e31823e65a1","article-title":"Advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques of the human spinal cord","volume":"21","author":"Andre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910010107","article-title":"Magnet field profiling: analysis and correcting coil design","volume":"1","author":"Romeo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3801","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3801","article-title":"Region-specific impairment of the cervical spinal cord (SC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a preliminary study using SC templates and quantitative MRI (diffusion tensor imaging\/inhomogeneous magnetization transfer)","volume":"30","author":"Rasoanandrianina","year":"2017","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10200","article-title":"Image distortion correction in EPI: comparison of field mapping with point spread function mapping","volume":"48","author":"Zeng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3022","article-title":"Tissue- and column-specific measurements from multi-parameter mapping of the human cervical spinal cord at 3 T","volume":"26","author":"Samson","year":"2013","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26776","article-title":"Gradient nonlinearity effects on upper cervical spinal cord area measurement from 3D T1 -weighted brain MRI acquisitions","volume":"79","author":"Papinutto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6046-5","article-title":"Waterskier's Hirayama syndrome","volume":"258","author":"Bede","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(96)00088-3","article-title":"The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patient perspective on misdiagnosis and its repercussions","volume":"139","author":"Belsh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.1.109","article-title":"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mimic syndromes: a population-based study","volume":"57","author":"Traynor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000700012","article-title":"Is magnetic resonance imaging a plausible biomarker for upper motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/primary lateral sclerosis or merely a useful paraclinical tool to exclude mimic syndromes?","volume":"70","author":"Rocha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12465","article-title":"Revisiting the spectrum of lower motor neuron diseases with snake eyes appearance on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"21","author":"Lebouteux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2013-000557","article-title":"Mimics and chameleons in motor neurone disease","volume":"13","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3530","article-title":"Tract-specific and age-related variations of the spinal cord microstructure: a multi-parametric MRI study using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT)","volume":"29","author":"Taso","year":"2016","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.701308","article-title":"Involvement of spinal sensory pathway in ALS and specificity of cord atrophy to lower motor neuron degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2013.852589","article-title":"Spinal cord atrophy correlates with disease duration and severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Branco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122224","article-title":"Fast and accurate semi-automated segmentation method of spinal cord MR images at 3T applied to the construction of a cervical spinal cord template","volume":"10","author":"El Mendili","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5427","article-title":"Spinal cord gray matter atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Paquin","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095516","article-title":"Multi-parametric spinal cord MRI as potential progression marker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"El Mendili","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152439","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord atrophy profile in adult SMN1-linked SMA","volume":"11","author":"El Mendili","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.87","article-title":"Independent spinal cord atrophy measures correlate to motor and sensory deficits in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Lundell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317214","article-title":"Multimodal spinal cord MRI offers accurate diagnostic classification in ALS","volume":"89","author":"Querin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.009","article-title":"SCT: Spinal Cord Toolbox, an open-source software for processing spinal cord MRI data","volume":"145","author":"De Leener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.034","article-title":"A reliable spatially normalized template of the human spinal cord\u2013Applications to automated white matter\/gray matter segmentation and tensor-based morphometry (TBM) mapping of gray matter alterations occurring with age","volume":"117","author":"Taso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13329","article-title":"Spinal cord multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging for survival prediction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Querin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.100032","article-title":"Diffusion anisotropy of the cervical cord is strictly associated with disability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"78","author":"Valsasina","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.154252","article-title":"A longitudinal diffusion tensor MRI study of the cervical cord and brain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"80","author":"Agosta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.060","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging reveals regional differences in the cervical spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2010.515223","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the cervical cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Carew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23467","article-title":"Relationship between cervical cord 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and clinoco-electromyographic profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Ikeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.01.014","article-title":"Preliminary study on cervical spinal cord in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using MR diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007659","article-title":"Electrophysiological and spinal imaging evidences for sensory dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Iglesias","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.01.024","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of cerebral and spinal cord damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"de Albuquerque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-018-0045-6","article-title":"Cord cross-sectional area at foramen magnum as a correlate of disability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Piaggio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19938-2","article-title":"MRI of the cervical spinal cord predicts respiratory dysfunction in ALS","volume":"8","author":"Grolez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3592","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3592","article-title":"Diffusion MRI of the spinal cord: from structural studies to pathology","volume":"30","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3998","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3998","article-title":"Quantifying brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: theory and parameter estimation","volume":"2018","author":"Novikov","year":"","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10268","article-title":"High angular resolution diffusion imaging reveals intravoxel white matter fiber heterogeneity","volume":"48","author":"Tuch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00758-X","article-title":"Diffusion MRI of complex neural architecture","volume":"40","author":"Tuch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20508","article-title":"Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"53","author":"Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr307","article-title":"Quantification of increased cellularity during inflammatory demyelination","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.243","article-title":"Detection of multiple pathways in the spinal cord using q-ball imaging","volume":"42","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.039","article-title":"High angular resolution diffusion imaging abnormalities in the early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"380","author":"Trojsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072","article-title":"NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01065","article-title":"Emerging magnetic resonance imaging techniques and analysis methods in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Barritt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318830","article-title":"Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) detects cortical and corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS","author":"Broad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318994","article-title":"Neurite density is reduced in the presymptomatic phase of C9orf72 disease","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.010","article-title":"Application and evaluation of NODDI in the cervical spinal cord of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"15","author":"By","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4605-08.2009","article-title":"Axial diffusivity is the primary correlate of axonal injury in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis spinal cord: a quantitative pixelwise analysis","volume":"29","author":"Budde","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20774","article-title":"Noninvasive detection of cuprizone induced axonal damage and demyelination in the mouse corpus callosum","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1267","article-title":"Dysmyelination revealed through MRI as increased radial (but unchanged axial) diffusion of water","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.028","article-title":"Demyelination increases radial diffusivity in corpus callosum of mouse brain","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308172","article-title":"Patterns of cerebral and cerebellar white matter degeneration in ALS","volume":"86","author":"Bede","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.065","article-title":"Modelling and interpretation of magnetization transfer imaging in the brain","volume":"182","author":"Sled","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20202","article-title":"Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"56","author":"Schmierer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20984","article-title":"Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"26","author":"Schmierer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0192-3","article-title":"High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis\u2013a post-mortem study of the spinal cord","volume":"250","author":"Mottershead","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178371","article-title":"Multimodal assessment of white matter tracts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Borsodi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2855","article-title":"A distinct MR imaging phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: correlation between T1 magnetization transfer contrast hyperintensity along the corticospinal tract and diffusion tensor imaging analysis","volume":"33","author":"Carrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(98)00129-5","article-title":"Reduced MTR in the corticospinal tract and normal T2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Tanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"B115","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Detection of pyramidal tract lesions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with magnetization-transfer measurements","volume":"18","author":"Kato","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26134","article-title":"Magnetization transfer from inhomogeneously broadened lines (ihMT): improved imaging strategy for spinal cord applications","volume":"77","author":"Girard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2015.08.024","article-title":"Interpretation of magnetization transfer from inhomogeneously broadened lines (ihMT) in tissues as a dipolar order effect within motion restricted molecules","volume":"260","author":"Varma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Magn Reson"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5563","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity of Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) MRI for multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Van Obberghen","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1933","article-title":"Detection of cortical neuron loss in motor neuron disease by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in vivo","volume":"44","author":"Pioro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199806010-00016","article-title":"Recovery of N-acetylaspartate in corticomotor neurons of patients with ALS after riluzole therapy","volume":"9","author":"Kalra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0162-7","article-title":"Rapid improvement in cortical neuronal integrity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging","volume":"253","author":"Kalra","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.1.71","article-title":"1H-MRS evidence of neurodegeneration and excess glutamate + glutamine in ALS medulla","volume":"53","author":"Pioro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820410017109","article-title":"Reduced NAA in motor and non-motor brain regions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study","volume":"5","author":"Rule","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121148","article-title":"Whole-brain analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by using echo-planar spectroscopic imaging","volume":"267","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3342","article-title":"(1)H-MR spectroscopy in the human spinal cord","volume":"34","author":"Hock","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1738","article-title":"Quantitative cervical spinal cord 3T proton MR spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Marliani","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2016.07.005","article-title":"The application of human spinal cord magnetic resonance spectroscopy to clinical studies: a review","volume":"38","author":"Wyss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01148","article-title":"Imaging cerebral activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh170","article-title":"Word retrieval in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"127","author":"Abrahams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr002","article-title":"Sensorimotor functional connectivity changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Agosta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5842-7","article-title":"Patterns of cortical activity differ in ALS patients with limb and\/or bulbar involvement depending on motor tasks","volume":"258","author":"Kollewe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414293111","article-title":"Intrinsically organized resting state networks in the human spinal cord","volume":"111","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E173","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8090173","article-title":"Ten key insights into the use of spinal cord fMRI","volume":"8","author":"Powers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02307.x","article-title":"Causes of death amongst French patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Gil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B135","volume-title":"Analysis of the Structural Integrity of the Spinal Cord in Motor Neuron Diseases Using a Multi-Parametric MRI Approach","author":"El Mendili","year":"2016"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311952","article-title":"A large-scale multicentre cerebral diffusion tensor imaging study in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"87","author":"Muller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00350\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T08:35:28Z","timestamp":1555058128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00350\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2019.00350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"article-number":"350"}}