{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:31:00Z","timestamp":1790796660764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007279","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T17:27:49Z","timestamp":1588267669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Correlates of Nonanemic Iron Deficiency in Restless Legs Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Ying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Yan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Jiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Yao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Ondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Cheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (RLSSG) consensus criteria-history, rationale, description, and significance","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078887.16593.12","article-title":"Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21607","article-title":"The role of iron in restless legs syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30311-9","article-title":"Comorbidities, treatment, and pathophysiology in restless legs syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002542","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases: a systematic review and new concept","volume":"86","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23397","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia","volume":"88","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1529","article-title":"Iron deficiency without anemia - a clinical challenge","volume":"6","author":"Soppi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.01.053","article-title":"Clinical features and subtypes of restless legs syndrome in Chinese population: a study of 359 patients","volume":"59","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00258-7","article-title":"International Restless Legs Syndrome Study, Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Walters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.11.1126","article-title":"International Restless Legs Syndrome Study, Evidence-based and consensus clinical practice guidelines for the iron treatment of restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease in adults and children: an IRLSSG task force report","volume":"41","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27040","article-title":"Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with restless legs syndrome and nonanemic iron deficiency: a randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.08.012","article-title":"Response to intravenous iron in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)","volume":"15","author":"Mehmood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0515","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in women: a review","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Womens Health."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Ohayon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20249","article-title":"Iron deficiency: a concise review","volume":"78","author":"Umbreit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-9963-1","article-title":"Iron deficiency without anemia is associated with anger and fatigue in young Japanese women","volume":"159","author":"Sawada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038","article-title":"Iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"372","author":"Camaschella","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"387","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.676S","article-title":"Iron deficiency reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship","volume":"131","author":"Haas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072743","article-title":"A genetic risk factor for periodic limb movements in sleep","volume":"357","author":"Stefansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsx028","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx028","article-title":"Association of BTBD9 and MAP2K5\/SKOR1 with restless legs syndrome in Chinese population","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.05.009","article-title":"Altered brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic function in Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease)","volume":"15","author":"Earley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.10.2030","article-title":"Regional brain iron, ferritin and transferrin concentrations during iron deficiency and iron repletion in developing rats","volume":"127","author":"Erikson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1282","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00634.2011","article-title":"Systems genetic analysis of multivariate response to iron deficiency in mice","volume":"302","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0603","article-title":"Perspectives on iron absorption","volume":"29","author":"Hallberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.01.025","article-title":"What features differentiate unilateral from bilateral restless legs syndrome? A comparative observational study of 195 patients","volume":"15","author":"Shukla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.10.009","article-title":"International Restless Legs Syndrome Study, Consensus clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"22","author":"Picchietti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10231","article-title":"Long-term course of restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients after kidney transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Winkelmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.022178","article-title":"Bone marrow biopsy morbidity: review of 2003","volume":"58","author":"Bain","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9120(96)00010-K","article-title":"Assessment of iron status","volume":"29","author":"Baynes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01490506","article-title":"Assessing iron status: beyond serum ferritin and transferrin saturation","volume":"1","author":"Wish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.4.546","article-title":"When is a serum iron really a serum iron? The status of serum iron measurements","volume":"40","author":"Tietz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2680","article-title":"Normal ferritin in a patient with iron deficiency and RLS","volume":"9","author":"Mackie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6041394","article-title":"Comparison of two doses of elemental iron in the treatment of latent iron deficiency: efficacy, side effects and blinding capabilities","volume":"6","author":"Leonard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2018.1427158","article-title":"A food-derived dietary supplement containing a low dose of iron improved markers of iron status among nonanemic iron-deficient women","volume":"37","author":"D'Adamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-286260","article-title":"Detection, evaluation, and management of iron-restricted erythropoiesis","volume":"116","author":"Goodnough","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12286","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacies of oral iron and pramipexole for the treatment of restless legs syndrome patients with low serum ferritin","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12173","article-title":"Early childhood-onset restless legs syndrome: symptoms and effect of oral iron treatment","volume":"102","author":"Tilma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T17:27:52Z","timestamp":1588267672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.00298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"article-number":"298"}}