{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T20:09:34Z","timestamp":1772654974142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007083","name":"Orionin Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009006","name":"Integra LifeSciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltosen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008320","name":"Suomen Aivos\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007639","name":"Maire Taposen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013342","name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000724","name":"Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001725","name":"Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Svenska S\u00e4llskapet f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T04:55:30Z","timestamp":1589345730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Admission Levels of Total Tau and \u03b2-Amyloid Isoforms 1\u201340 and 1\u201342 in Predicting the Outcome of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Iftakher","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrbod","family":"Mohammadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riikka S. K.","family":"Takala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Tenovuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"Azurmendi Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janek","family":"Frantz\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van Gils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari J.","family":"Katila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henna-Riikka","family":"Maanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia F.","family":"Newcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Tallus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hrusovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jussi P.","family":"Posti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442","article-title":"Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030","volume":"3","author":"Mathers","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00002-2","article-title":"Diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Levin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.08.300","article-title":"Systematic review of the prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury in adults: cognitive, psychiatric, and mortality outcomes: results of the international collaboration on mild traumatic brain injury prognosis","volume":"95","author":"Carroll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.08.021","article-title":"Clinical policy: neuroimaging and decisionmaking in adult mild traumatic brain injury in the acute setting","volume":"52","author":"Jagoda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"1583","volume":"15","author":"Mittl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3384","article-title":"Outcome prediction after mild and complicated mild traumatic brain injury: external validation of existing models and identification of new predictors using the tRACK-TBI pilot study","volume":"32","author":"Lingsma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S125620","article-title":"Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI): a review","volume":"14","author":"Dadas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics6040037","article-title":"Fluid biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and intended context of use","volume":"6","author":"Bogoslovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1428089","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3040","volume":"31","author":"Diaz-Arrastia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.10.066","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin c-Terminal hydrolase-L1 as outcome predictors in traumatic brain injury","volume":"87","author":"Takala","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0039","article-title":"Time course and diagnostic accuracy of glial and neuronal blood biomarkers gFAP and uCH-L1 in a large cohort of trauma patients with and without mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"73","author":"Papa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4149","article-title":"Ability of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin c-Terminal hydrolase-L1, and s100B to differentiate normal and abnormal head computed tomography findings in patients with suspected mild or moderate traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Welch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003912","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury in contact sports","volume":"88","author":"Shahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.2038","article-title":"Neurochemical aftermath of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"73","author":"Shahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5952","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5952","volume":"2018","author":"Hossain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00446","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for traumatic brain injury: a Quantitative assessment of diagnostic and prognostic accuracy","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06446","article-title":"CSF and plasma amyloid-\u03b2 temporal profiles and relationships with neurological status and mortality after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Mondello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7437","volume":"321","author":"Jack","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.4.1371","article-title":"The distribution of tau in the mammalian central nervous system","volume":"101","author":"Binder","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1383","article-title":"Peripheral total tau in military personnel who sustain traumatic brain injuries during deployment","volume":"72","author":"Olivera","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0655","article-title":"Comparing plasma phospho tau, total tau, and phospho tau-Total tau ratio as acute and chronic traumatic brain injury biomarkers","volume":"74","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.9","article-title":"Biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood","volume":"9","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.750752","article-title":"Olympic boxing is associated with elevated levels of the neuronal protein tau in plasma","volume":"27","author":"Neselius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.367","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for brain injury in concussed professional ice hockey players","volume":"71","author":"Shahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.12.022","article-title":"Tau proteins in serum predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"160","author":"Liliang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242732.06714.0f","article-title":"Initial cSF total tau correlates with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"67","author":"Ost","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2853","article-title":"Classification accuracy of serum apo a-I and s100B for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury and prediction of abnormal initial head computed tomography scan","volume":"30","author":"Bazarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4333","article-title":"Increases of plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau, and amyloid beta up to 90 days after traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Bogoslovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1.159","article-title":"Amyloid beta 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Blennow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.01.013","article-title":"Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury","volume":"246","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1221","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid-beta peptide","volume":"19","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00079","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 peptides and tau protein as biomarkers in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid following traumatic brain injury: a Review of experimental and clinical studies","volume":"4","author":"Tsitsopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.5.373","article-title":"The occult aftermath of boxing","volume":"53","author":"Roberts","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1515-z","article-title":"The first NINDS\/NIBIB consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy","volume":"131","author":"McKee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0451-y","article-title":"Marked increase of beta-amyloid(1-42) and amyloid precursor protein in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"251","author":"Olsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033606","article-title":"CSF-biomarkers in olympic boxing: diagnosis and effects of repetitive head trauma","volume":"7","author":"Neselius","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003816","article-title":"Astroglial activation and altered amyloid metabolism in human repetitive concussion","volume":"88","author":"Shahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068215589580","article-title":"The simoa hD-1 analyzer","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lab Autom."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1195","article-title":"Comparison of three analytical platforms for quantification of the neurofilament light chain in blood samples: ELISA, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and simoa","volume":"54","author":"Kuhle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.38","article-title":"Measurement of post-traumatic amnesia: how reliable is it?","volume":"62","author":"King","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"S287","article-title":"The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573","article-title":"Structured interviews for the glasgow outcome scale and the extended glasgow outcome scale: guidelines for their use","volume":"15","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811","article-title":"The rivermead post concussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability","volume":"242","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.10.008","article-title":"The value of serum tau protein for the diagnosis of intracranial injury in minor head trauma","volume":"25","author":"Kavalci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850342","article-title":"Tau protein as a serum marker of brain damage in mild traumatic brain injury: preliminary results","volume":"23","author":"Bulut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Ther."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.9.1277","article-title":"Neurochemical aftermath of amateur boxing","volume":"63","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6269","article-title":"Plasma tau and amyloid are not reliably related to injury characteristics, neuropsychological performance, or white matter integrity in service members with a history of traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Lippa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6375","article-title":"A serum protein biomarker panel improves outcome prediction in human traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Thelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"16","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30232-7","article-title":"Case-mix, care pathways, and outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury in CENTER-TBI: a European prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6254","article-title":"Correlation of blood biomarkers and biomarkers panels with traumatic findings on computed tomography after traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Posti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B54","article-title":"Admission Levels of Total Tau and \u03b2-Amyloid Isoforms 1-40 and 1-42 in Predicting the Outcome of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","volume-title":"Oral Presentation at the 13th World Congress On Brain Injury (IBIA 2019)","author":"Hossain","year":"2019"},{"key":"B55","article-title":"Admission Levels of Total Tau and \u03b2-Amyloid Isoforms 1-40 And 1-42 in Predicting the Outcome Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","volume-title":"Oral Presentation at the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Annual Meeting (EANS 2019)","author":"Hossain","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00325\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T04:55:38Z","timestamp":1589345738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00325\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.00325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"article-number":"325"}}