{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:10:40Z","timestamp":1773303040396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T05:50:28Z","timestamp":1594705828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Plasma Biomarker for Post-concussive Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using an Alternating Current Electro-Kinetic Platform"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustine C.","family":"Obirieze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Akers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clark C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Traumatic brain injury in the united states: emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths 2002\u20132006\n            FaulM\n            XuL\n            WaldMM\n            CoronadoVG\n          10.15620\/cdc.5571Atlanta (GA)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0586","article-title":"Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies","volume":"25","author":"Saatman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174847","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174847","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and chronic cognitive impairment: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"McInnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"257","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms","volume":"58","author":"Marshall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7080105","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury: the role of neuropsychology","volume":"7","author":"Prince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70199-0","article-title":"Predictors of intracranial injury in patients with mild head trauma","volume":"25","author":"Borczuk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.032","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, costs, and impact on disability of common conditions requiring rehabilitation in the united states: stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, limb loss, and back pain","volume":"95","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"45","article-title":"The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology.","author":"Mckee","year":"2015"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9323","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809323","article-title":"Detection of cell-free DNA fragmentation and copy number alterations in cerebrospinal fluid from glioma patients","volume":"10","author":"Mouliere","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.01.055","article-title":"Role of GFAP in CNS injuries","volume":"565","author":"Brenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178049","article-title":"In vivo transduction of neurons with TAT-UCHL1 protects brain against controlled cortical impact injury","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214381","article-title":"Tau protein as a diagnostic marker for diffuse axonal injury","volume":"14","author":"Tomita","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"22","article-title":"The brown university traumatic brain injury research consortium and the norman prince neurosciences institute","volume":"97","author":"Rogg","year":"2014","journal-title":"R I Med J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0387-15.2015","article-title":"C-terminally truncated forms of tau, but not full-length tau or its C-terminal fragments, are released from neurons independently of cell death","volume":"35","author":"Kanmert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2015.02.004","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the astrocyte intermediate filament system in diseases of the central nervous system","volume":"32","author":"Hol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21323","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker of axonal damage in chronic neuropathies","volume":"40","author":"Notturno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20983","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein: a marker of axonal Guillain-Barr\u00e8 syndrome and outcome","volume":"38","author":"Notturno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.10.020","article-title":"UCHL1 (PGP 9.5): neuronal biomarker and ubiquitin system protein","volume":"90","author":"Day","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90032-0","article-title":"The demonstration of new human brain-specific proteins by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318236a809","article-title":"Clinical utility of serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase as a biomarker for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Mondello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-011-0125-x","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier pathophysiology in traumatic brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Chodobski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3178","article-title":"Elevated cell-free plasma DNA level as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Rodrigues Filho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1938","article-title":"Cell-free DNA as a marker for prediction of brain damage in traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"29","author":"Ohayon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Atlanta, GANational Center for Injury Prevention and ControlReport to Congress on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Steps to Prevent a Serious Public Health Problem2003"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00446","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for traumatic brain injury: a quantitative assessment of diagnostic and prognostic accuracy","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811","article-title":"The rivermead post concussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability","volume":"242","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0875","article-title":"Internal construct validity of the rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire","volume":"43","author":"Lannsj\u00f6","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00549","article-title":"Rapid isolation and detection of exosomes and associated biomarkers from plasma","volume":"11","author":"Ibsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1357836","article-title":"Biofluid biomarkers of traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Agoston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160082","article-title":"Ubiquitin C-Terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1): Structure, distribution and roles in brain function and dysfunction","volume":"473","author":"Bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08199","article-title":"Integrated analysis of exosomal protein biomarkers on alternating current electrokinetic chips enables rapid detection of pancreatic cancer in patient blood","volume":"12","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400016","article-title":"Dielectrophoretic isolation and detection of cancer-related circulating cell-free DNA biomarkers from blood and plasma","volume":"35","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.8.966","article-title":"A new brief instrument for assessing decisional capacity for clinical research","volume":"64","author":"Jeste","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale","volume":"304","author":"Teasdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0245","article-title":"The mayo classification system for traumatic brain injury severity","volume":"24","author":"Malec","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46311-8","article-title":"A pilot proof-of-principle analysis demonstrating dielectrophoresis (DEP) as a glioblastoma biomarker platform","volume":"9","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3040","article-title":"Acute biomarkers of traumatic brain injury: relationship between plasma levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-l1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein","volume":"31","author":"Diaz-Arrastia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5694","article-title":"Age-related differences in diagnostic accuracy of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and tau for identifying acute intracranial trauma on computed tomography: a TRACK-TBI study","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.2.372","article-title":"Neuroimaging in traumatic brain imaging","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics6040037","article-title":"Fluid biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and intended context of use","volume":"6","author":"Bogoslovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5623","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of four clinically relevant traumatic brain injury biomarkers","volume":"36","author":"Korley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120598","article-title":"Elevated plasma MCP-1 concentration following traumatic brain injury as a potential predisposition factor associated with an increased risk for subsequent development of alzheimer's disease","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00685\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T05:50:33Z","timestamp":1594705833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00685\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.00685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"article-number":"685"}}