{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:02:32Z","timestamp":1791997352113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T05:41:34Z","timestamp":1597124494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Botulinum Neurotoxin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Egeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Fofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Barbanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70102-4","article-title":"Allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain: clinical manifestations and mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f7656","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7656","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: mechanisms and their clinical implications","volume":"348","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24951","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a current review","volume":"81","author":"Staff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.05.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuropathic pain","volume":"22","author":"Nickel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsycho pharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/35093019","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of nociception","volume":"413","author":"Julius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.033","article-title":"Research progress of mechanisms and drug therapy for neuropathic pain","volume":"190","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.12.002","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and spinal microglia: a big problem from molecules in \u201csmall\u201d glia","volume":"28","author":"Tsuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007090105840","article-title":"Structural basis of sympathetic-sensory coupling in rat and human dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury","volume":"28","author":"Shinder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70143-5","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Baron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180510151241","article-title":"Experimental drugs for neuropathic pain","volume":"16","author":"Sa\u0142ata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001998","article-title":"Interventions for neuropathic pain: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"125","author":"Dosenovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52901-5.00015-0","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"110","author":"Kerstman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S168650","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-a for the treatment of neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Research."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"2001","volume-title":"Subcutaneous BTX-A in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Pilot Study","author":"Freund","year":"2001"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047977","article-title":"The analgesic effect on neuropathic pain of retrogradely transported botulinum neurotoxin A involves Schwann cells and astrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Marinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2008.00615.x","article-title":"Lack of anti-in?ammatory effects of botulinum toxin A in experimental models of in?ammation","volume":"22","author":"Bach-Rojecky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fundam Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4981","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5490-08.2009","article-title":"Activation of TRPV1 mediates calcitonin gene-related peptide release, which excites trigeminal sensory neurons and is attenuated by a retargeted botulinum toxin with anti-nociceptive potential","volume":"29","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31825a134b","article-title":"Do botulinum toxins have a role in the management of neuropathic pain?","volume":"91","author":"Francisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) the international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001365","article-title":"Classification Committee of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG). The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"160","author":"Scholz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02185.x","article-title":"American Academy of Neurology Society; European Federation of Neurological Society. AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management","volume":"15","author":"Cruccu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0025-7","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Cheshire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.085","article-title":"Meta-analysis on safety and efficacy of microsurgical and radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"103","author":"Gubian","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.126","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: toward a multimodal approach","volume":"103","author":"Spina","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-012-0023-0","article-title":"Refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Non-surgical treatment options","volume":"27","author":"Cruccu","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200503000-00010","article-title":"Injections of botulinum toxin type a produce pain alleviation in intractable trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"21","author":"Allam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00959.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia: a case report with pathophysiological considerations","volume":"26","author":"Volcy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.03.021","article-title":"Injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) into trigger zone of trigeminal neuralgia as a means to control pain","volume":"109","author":"Ngeow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2015.25.007","article-title":"Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 70 years","volume":"95","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12791","article-title":"Botulinum toxin as monotherapy in symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia headache","volume":"56","author":"Lunde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Face Pain"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.013","article-title":"Intraoral administration of botulinum toxin for trigeminal neuropathic pain","volume":"121","author":"Herrero Babiloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3171-7","article-title":"A new target for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000172497.24770.b0","article-title":"Botulinum toxin and intractable trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"28","author":"T\u00fcrk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180940.98815.74","article-title":"An open study of botulinum-A toxin treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"65","author":"Piovesan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2008000400012","article-title":"Beneficial effects of botulinum toxin type A in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"66","author":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.04.043","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin A for drug-refractory trigeminal neuralgia: preliminary report","volume":"111","author":"Bohluli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-43","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of Botulinum toxin-A in 88 patients with trigeminal neuralgia with 14-month follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0793-3","article-title":"Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8133","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008133","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: 6-Month follow-up","volume":"96","author":"T\u00fcrk B\u00f6r\u00fc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7365148","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7365148","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in treating patients of advanced age with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"2018","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412441721","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-92","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia?","volume":"14","author":"Shehata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31829cb60e","article-title":"Acute treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with onabotulinum toxin A","volume":"36","author":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-65","article-title":"Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0651-8","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A therapy in trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Morra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13950","article-title":"European Academy of Neurology guideline on trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"26","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a3516e","article-title":"The global epidemiology of herpes zoster","volume":"81","author":"Yawn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.01.359","article-title":"Pain, medication use, and health-related quality of life in older persons with postherpetic neuralgia: Results from a population-based survey","volume":"6","author":"Oster","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00100.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A relieved neuropathic pain in a case of post-herpetic neuralgia","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"259","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of neuropathic pain in a case of postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"23","author":"Ruiz Heute","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0609","article-title":"Severe post-herpetic neuralgia successfully treated with botulinum toxin A: three case reports","volume":"89","author":"Sotiriou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01003.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin a is beneficial in postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a72d2","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A in postherpetic neuralgia: a parallel, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Apalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00017-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of repeated injections of botulinum toxin A in peripheral neuropathic pain (BOTNEP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Attal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.003","article-title":"The efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of trigeminal and postherpetic neuralgia: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"122","author":"Shackleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414544974","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus following onabotulinumtoxin A administration for chronic migraine: a case report and literature review","volume":"35","author":"Gadient","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.11.006","article-title":"By the numbers: new estimates from the IDF diabetes atlas update for 2012","volume":"98","author":"Guariguata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1108","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the UK","volume":"34","author":"Abbot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345968.05959.cf","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for diabetic neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind crossover trial","volume":"72","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318255c132","article-title":"Onabotulinum toxin A improves tactile and mechanical pain perception in painful diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"B62","first-page":"106","article-title":"The effects of intradermal botulinum toxin type A injections on pain symptoms of patients with diabetic neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12728","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-A for painful diabetic neuropathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lakhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.079145","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of pain after stroke: a population-based study focusing on patients perspectives","volume":"77","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000375397","article-title":"Post stroke pain: identification, assessment, and therapy","volume":"39","author":"Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.12.002","article-title":"The analgesic effect of a botulinum and incobotulinum toxins type A in central poststroke pain: two case reports","volume":"8","author":"Camoes-Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.15406\/jnsk.2017.06.00218","article-title":"The benefit of botulinum toxin A in the management of central post stroke pain: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Shippen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Stroke."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31826ecb02","article-title":"Does botulinum toxintype a decrease pain and lessen disability in hemiplegic survivors of stroke with shoulder pain and spasticity?","volume":"91","author":"Marciniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.01.007","article-title":"Onabotulinum toxin A improves pain in patients with post-stroke spasticity: Findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Wissel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2007.00150.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin occipital nerve block for the treatment of severe occipital neuralgia: a case series","volume":"7","author":"Kapural","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01089.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of occipital neuralgia: a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200626090-00004","article-title":"Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in the relief of carpal tunnel syndrome: a preliminary experience","volume":"26","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00084.x","article-title":"Clinically significant placebo analgesic response in a pilot trial of botulinum B in patients with hand pain and carpel tunnel syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Breuer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00569.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous botulinum toxin for chronic post-thoracotomy pain","volume":"13","author":"Fabregat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909117716460","article-title":"Subcutaneous botulinum toxin injection for post-thoracotomy pain syndrome in palliative care: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Rashid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8010022","article-title":"Incobotulinum toxin-A improves post-surgical and post-radiation pain in cancer patients","volume":"8","author":"Rostami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv040","article-title":"The efficacy of botulinum toxinA in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction: a pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Gabriel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000141156.56314.1f","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin infiltration for pain control after mastectomy and expander reconstruction","volume":"240","author":"Layeeque","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1547-4127(04)00022-2","article-title":"Posthoracotomy pain syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Karmakar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X","article-title":"Persistent postsurgical pain: Risk factors and prevention","volume":"367","author":"Kehlet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.028","article-title":"Psychological, surgical, and sociodemographic predictors of pain outcomes after breast cancer surgery: a population-based cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Bruce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200205000-00031","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)","volume":"96","author":"Raja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00929.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a (Botox) for treatment of proximal myofascial pain in complex regional pain syndrome: two cases","volume":"11","author":"Safarpour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00897.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for treatment of allodynia of complex regional pain syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Safarpour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21601","article-title":"Sympathetic block with botulinum toxin to treat complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Caroll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"419","article-title":"Intramuscular botulinum toxin in complex regional pain syndrome: case series and literature review","volume":"14","author":"Kharkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"B87","first-page":"911","article-title":"Lumbar sympathetic block with botulinum toxin type B for complex regional pain syndrome: a case study","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25504","article-title":"Electrophysiologically identified piriformis syndrome is successfully treated with incobotulinum toxin a and physical therapy","volume":"56","author":"Fishman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182264fe9","article-title":"A prospective randomized double-blinded pilot study to examine the effect of botulinum toxin type A injection vs. Lidocaine\/Depomedrol injection on residual and phantom limb pain","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1657-4","article-title":"Long-term treatment of phantom and stump pain with Botulinum toxin type A over 12 months. A first clinical observation","volume":"75","author":"Kern","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101116","article-title":"Pain following spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Siddall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00452-9","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the prevalence and characteristics of pain in the first 5 years following spinal cord injury","volume":"103","author":"Siddall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2003.03013.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A improved burning pain and allodynia in two patients with spinal cord pathology","volume":"4","author":"Jabbari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.43","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A on spinal cord injury-associated neuropathic pain","volume":"52","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24605","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"79","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6919","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006919","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of botulinum toxin A for treating neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins4111223","article-title":"A review of thoracic outlet syndrome and the possible role of botulinum toxin in the treatment of this syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Foley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000894","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome treated with injecting botulinum toxin into middle scalene muscle and pectoral muscle interfascial planes: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"A Pract"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.04.027","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection for management of thoracic outlet syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"152","author":"Finlayson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020110","article-title":"Can botulinum toxin A play a role in treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in female patients?","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00163.x","article-title":"Pilot study of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain associated with spasm of the levator ani muscles","volume":"44","author":"Jarvis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2010.529820","article-title":"A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Gottsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12951","article-title":"Transurethral intraprostatic injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A for the treatment of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: results of a prospective pilot double-blind and randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"116","author":"Falahatkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU In\u00e0t"},{"key":"B104","first-page":"9273","article-title":"Treatment of refractory category III nonbacterial chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with intraprostatic injection of onabotulinumtoxinA: a prospective controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Abdel-Meguid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00101-5","article-title":"A comparison of the safety margins of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, and F in mice","volume":"39","author":"Aoki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.08.017","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and toxicity between botulinum toxin subtypes A1 and A2 in cynomolgus macaques","volume":"153","author":"Torii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T05:41:42Z","timestamp":1597124502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"article-number":"716"}}