{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:21:19Z","timestamp":1790036479675,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.578698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T06:11:49Z","timestamp":1602828709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alvaro J.","family":"Mejia-Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Restrepo-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria S.","family":"Pelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12046","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in Alzheimer's disease using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Marziani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608213150804","article-title":"Optic-nerve degeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"315","author":"Hinton","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.009","article-title":"Spectral-domain OCT measurements in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.12.014","article-title":"Retinal thickness in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"den Haan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100050054031","article-title":"Quantification of nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography","volume":"113","author":"Schuman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1828","article-title":"Visual function correlates with nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes affected by ocular hypertension","volume":"40","author":"Parisi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"2520","article-title":"Correlation between morphological and functional retinal impairment in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"40","author":"Parisi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00644-8","article-title":"Correlation between optical coherence tomography, pattern electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials in open-angle glaucoma patients","volume":"108","author":"Parisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01795.x","article-title":"Reduction of optic nerve fiber layer thickness in CADASIL","volume":"14","author":"Parisi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318238b9cb","article-title":"Role of the macular optical coherence tomography scan in neuro-ophthalmology","volume":"31","author":"Kardon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130451","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"185","author":"Tricco","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt269","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease drug-development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failures","volume":"6","author":"Cummings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"NIH funding boosts new Alzheimer's research on prevention, novel drug targets","volume-title":"NIH News Releases","year":""},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141800","article-title":"Detection, prevention, and pre-clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"De La Torre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000332","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease and exercise: a literature review","volume":"16","author":"Cass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.07.004","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: case-control study and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Knoll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Meth"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002774","article-title":"The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies","volume":"86","author":"Cruz-Herranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.02.090","article-title":"Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"420","author":"Paquet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3","article-title":"Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria","volume":"6","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.02.014","article-title":"Retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"113","author":"Kesler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666140131114418","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is associated with episodic memory deficit in mild cognitive impairment patients","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7374-z","article-title":"Retinal alterations in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"261","author":"Ascaso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment\u2013beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"256","author":"Winblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-2055-3","article-title":"The relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness","volume":"36","author":"Oktem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0268-6","article-title":"Thinner changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.10.011","article-title":"Abnormal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macula lutea in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141659","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell analysis using high-definition optical coherence tomography in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317515628053","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study in comparison to normal aging, parkinsons disease, and non-Alzheimers dementia","volume":"31","author":"Pillai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/01658107.2015.1118516","article-title":"Macular thickness in subjective memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment: a non-invasive biomarker","volume":"40","author":"Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520100096046","article-title":"DSM-IV: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"272","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160886","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography reveals retinal neuroaxonal thinning in frontotemporal dementia as in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"56","author":"Ferrari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23240","article-title":"Outer retinal assessment using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease","volume":"59","author":"Uchida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180070","article-title":"Visualization of focal thinning of the ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"64","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192646","article-title":"Evaluation of inner retinal layers as biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment to moderate Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Lad","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.08.006","article-title":"Correlation between cognitive impairment and retinal neural loss assessed by swept-source optical coherence tomography in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.00972.x","article-title":"An analysis of systems of classifying mild cognitive impairment in older people","volume":"36","author":"Collie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.0118","article-title":"Analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2018.1438428","article-title":"Regularity changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex in patients with the amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"128","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004717","article-title":"Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Petersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.05.403","article-title":"Retinal changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"1","author":"Pillai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2017-0030","article-title":"Vision in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on the anterior afferent pathway","volume":"8","author":"Pelak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0516-x","article-title":"Retinal thickness as potential biomarker in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"den Haan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.05.002","article-title":"Retinal thickness as a potential biomarker in patients with amyloid-proven early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"den Haan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24548","article-title":"Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell loss in Alzheimer disease","volume":"79","author":"La Morgia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.07.001","article-title":"Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: many subtypes, diverse functions","volume":"34","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.020","article-title":"Identification of amyloid plaques in retinas from Alzheimer's patients and noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of retinal plaques in a mouse model","volume":"54","author":"Koronyo-Hamaoui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1029","article-title":"Retinal abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"48","author":"Berisha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192154","article-title":"Impaired retinal microcirculation in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37271-6","article-title":"Functional and morphological changes of the retinal vessels in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Querques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214685","article-title":"Parafoveal vessel loss and correlation between peripapillary vessel density and cognitive performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.02.002","article-title":"Retinal microvascular and neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment compared to controls","volume":"3","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20191031-06","article-title":"Correlation of OctA and volumetric MRI in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"50","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retin"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14381","article-title":"Retinal microvascular attenuation in mental cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"98","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3556","article-title":"Association of preclinical Alzheimer disease with optical coherence tomographic angiography findings","volume":"136","author":"O'Bryhim","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314127","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"104","author":"van de Kreeke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.578698\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T06:11:52Z","timestamp":1602828712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.578698\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.578698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.578698","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"article-number":"578698"}}