{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:11:36Z","timestamp":1790143896723,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the experience of microvascular decompression (MVD) in the treatment of such patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We retrospectively analyzed clinical data, imaging examination results, surgical methods, and treatment efficacies in 127 patients with recurrent typical TN from January 2005 to December 2014.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The age of the recurrent group was higher than that of the non-recurrent group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The duration of pain before the first MVD procedure was longer in the recurrent group than in the non-recurrent group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Patients in the recurrent group were more likely to have compression of the trigeminal nerve by the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) or multiple vessels than patients in the non-recurrent group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). A Kaplan\u2013Meier curve showed a median pain-free survival of 12 months after the first MVD procedure. The severity of pain (preoperative visual analog scale [VAS] score) in patients with recurrence was lower than that in patients with first-onset TN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Vessel compression, Teflon compression or granuloma and arachnoid adhesion were considered the main causes of recurrence. Postoperative Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scores in the redo MVD group were excellent (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> = 2) for 69 patients (53.33%) and good (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> = 3) for 46 patients (36.22%). The postoperative follow-up was 63\u2013167 months (105.92 \u00b1 25.66). During the follow-up, no recurrence was noted. All complications were cured or improved.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective surgical method for the treatment of TN. For recurrent patients, reoperation can achieve good results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.584224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T07:30:46Z","timestamp":1608535846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of Microvascular Decompression in Patients With Recurrent Trigeminal 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