{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T07:22:23Z","timestamp":1792999343990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1306600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1306600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1310302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1310302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2019611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2019611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20151077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20151077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> The aims of this study were to compare the characteristics of three motor subtype classifications in patients with <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> Parkinson's disease (PD) and to find the most suitable motor subtype classification for identifying non-motor symptoms (NMSs).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> According to previous studies, a total of 256 patients with <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> PD were classified using the tremor-dominant\/mixed\/akinetic-rigid (TD\/mixed\/AR), TD\/indeterminate\/postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD), and predominantly TD\/predominantly PIGD (p-TD\/p-PIGD) classification systems.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Among the TD\/mixed\/AR subgroups, the patients with the AR subtype obtained more severe motor scores than the patients with the TD subtype. Among the TD\/indeterminate\/PIGD subgroups and between the p-TD and p-PIGD subgroups, the patients with the PIGD\/p-PIGD subtype obtained more severe scores related to activities of daily living (ADL), motor and non-motor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and sleep impairment, than the patients with the TD\/p-TD subtype. Furthermore, symptoms in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and miscellaneous domains of the Non-motor Questionnaire (NMSQuest) were more prevalent in the patients with the PIGD\/p-PIGD subtypes than the patients with the TD\/p-TD subtypes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The PIGD\/p-PIGD subtypes had more severe ADL, motor and non-motor symptoms than the TD\/p-TD subtypes. We disclosed for the first time that the TD\/indeterminate\/PIGD classification seems to be the most suitable classification among the three motor subtype classifications for identifying NMSs in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.601225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T06:24:02Z","timestamp":1608704642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Comparison of Three Motor Subtype Classifications in de novo Parkinson's Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jingru","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiyu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.Suppl18","article-title":"Is \u201cParkinson's disease\u201d one disease?","volume":"52","author":"Calne","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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