{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:24:02Z","timestamp":1791480242005,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While rare diseases (RDs) are by definition of low prevalence, the total number of patients suffering from an RD is high, and the majority of them have neurologic manifestations, involving central, peripheral nerve, and muscle. In 2017, 24 European Reference Networks (ERNs), each focusing on a specific group of rare or low-prevalence complex diseases, were formed to improve the care for patients with an RD. One major aim is to have \u201cthe knowledge travel instead of the patient,\u201d which has been put into practice by the implementation of the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) that enables clinicians to perform pan-European virtual consultations. The European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) provides an infrastructure for knowledge sharing and care coordination for patients affected by a rare neurological disease (RND) involving the most common central nervous system pathological conditions. It covers the following disease groups: (i) Cerebellar Ataxias and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias; (ii) Huntington's disease and Other Choreas; (iii) Frontotemporal dementia; (iv) Dystonia, (non-epileptic) paroxysmal disorders, and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation; (v) Leukoencephalopathies; and (vi) Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes. At the moment, it unites 32 expert centers and 10 affiliated partners in 21 European countries, as well as patient representatives, but will soon cover nearly all countries of the European Union as a result of the ongoing expansion process. Disease expert groups developed and consented on diagnostic flowcharts and disease scales to assess the different aspects of RNDs. ERN-RND has started to discuss diagnostically unclear patients in the CPMS, is one of four ERNs that serve as foundation of Solve-RD, and has established an RND training and education program. The network will facilitate trial readiness through the establishment of an ERN-RND registry with a minimal data of all patients seen at the ERN-RND centers, thus providing a unique overview of existing genotype-based cohorts. The overall aim of the ERNs is to improve access for patients with RDs to quality diagnosis, care, and treatment. Based on this objective, ERNs are monitored by the European Commission on a regular basis to provide transparency and reassurance to the RD community and the general public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.616569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T13:50:15Z","timestamp":1610632215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Carola","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Catherine","family":"Bachoud-L\u00e9vi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"B\u00e4umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Brunelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke I.","family":"Buizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Groeschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Hermanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Klockgether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Kr\u00e4geloh-Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Bernhard","family":"Landwehrmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Leber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Macaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassilios G.","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Judit","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorik","family":"Nonnekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Dario","family":"Ortigoza Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"P\u00e9rez Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Renna Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Sch\u00f6ls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schuele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina A. J.","family":"Tijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Volkmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole I.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holm","family":"Graessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"What is a rare disease?"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-019-0508-0","article-title":"Estimating cumulative point prevalence of rare diseases: analysis of the Orphanet database","volume":"28","author":"Nguengang Wakap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70001-1","article-title":"Rare neurological diseases: a united approach is needed","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Directive 2011\/24\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the Application of Patients' Rights in Cross-Border Healthcare"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0676-3","article-title":"European Reference networks for rare diseases: what is the conceptual framework?","volume":"12","author":"Heon-Klin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14302","article-title":"Management of rare movement disorders in Europe: outcome of surveys of the European reference network for rare neurological diseases","volume":"27","author":"Painous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12940","article-title":"Management of dystonia in Europe: a survey of the European network for the study of the dystonia syndromes","volume":"23","author":"Valadas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0170365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170365","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for rare diseases: the orphanet database","volume":"12","author":"Pavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS O."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12043","article-title":"Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces\u2013revised recommendations 2012","volume":"20","author":"Leone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12818","article-title":"Practical recommendations for the process of proposing, planning and writing a neurological management guideline by EAN task forces","volume":"22","author":"Leone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002096","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of progressive ataxia in adults","volume":"19","author":"de Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Neurol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00710","article-title":"International guidelines for the treatment of Huntington's disease","volume":"10","author":"Bachoud-Levi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.616569\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T07:48:54Z","timestamp":1611128934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.616569\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2020.616569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.616569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"article-number":"616569"}}