{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:08:39Z","timestamp":1781924919018,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were applied to investigate the abnormalities in the topological characteristics of functional brain networks during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep. And we investigated its relationship with cognitive abnormalities in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) disorder in the current study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ) and EEG-fMRI were applied in 25 patients with NT1 and 25 age-matched healthy controls. All subjects participated in a nocturnal video polysomnography(PSG)study, and total sleep time (TST), percentage of TST (%TST) for each sleep stage and arousal index were calculated. The Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was used to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness. The EEG-fMRI study was performed simultaneously using a 3T MRI system and a 32-channel MRI-compatible EEG system during sleep. Visual scoring of EEG data was used for sleep staging. Cognitive function was assessed for all subjects using the MoCA-BJ. The fMRI data were applied to establish a whole-brain functional connectivity network for all subjects, and the topological characteristics of the whole-brain functional network were analyzed using a graph-theoretic approach. The topological parameters were compared between groups. Lastly, the correlation between topological parameters and the assessment scale using Montreal Cognition was analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The MoCA-BJ scores were lower in patients with NT1 than in normal controls. Whole-brain global efficiency during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 displayed significantly lower small-world properties than in normal controls. Whole-brain functional network global efficiency in patients with NT1 was significantly correlated with MoCA-BJ scores.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The global efficiency of the functional brain network during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 and the correspondingly reduced small-world attributes were associated with cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.617827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T21:09:19Z","timestamp":1610485759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Abnormal Brain Network Topology During Non\u2013rapid Eye Movement Sleep and Its Correlation With Cognitive Behavioral Abnormalities in Narcolepsy Type 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