{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:00:09Z","timestamp":1777417209546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an anti-inflammatory agent and has proven neuroprotective properties in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessed retinal thickness analysis can reflect treatment responses in MS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To analyze the influence of EGCG treatment on retinal thickness analysis as secondary and exploratory outcomes of the randomized controlled <jats:italic>Sunphenon in Progressive Forms of MS<\/jats:italic> trial (SUPREMES, NCT00799890).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> SUPREMES patients underwent OCT with the Heidelberg Spectralis device at a subset of visits. We determined peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness from a 12\u00b0 ring scan around the optic nerve head and thickness of the ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer (GCIP) and inner nuclear layer (INL) within a 6 mm diameter grid centered on the fovea from a macular volume scan. Longitudinal OCT data were available for exploratory analysis from 31 SUPREMES participants (12\/19 primary\/secondary progressive MS (PPMS\/SPMS); mean age 51 \u00b1 7 years; 12 female; mean time since disease onset 16 \u00b1 11 years). We tested the null hypothesis of no treatment<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>time interaction using nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> After 2 years, there were no significant differences in longitudinal retinal thickness changes between EGCG treated and placebo arms in any OCT parameter (Mean change [confidence interval] ECGC vs. Placebo: pRNFL: \u22120.83 [1.29] \u03bcm vs. \u22120.64 [1.56] \u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.156; GCIP: \u22120.67 [0.67] \u03bcm vs. \u22120.14 [0.47] \u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.476; INL: \u22120.06 [0.58] \u03bcm vs. 0.22 [0.41] \u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.455).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Retinal thickness analysis did not reveal a neuroprotective effect of EGCG. While this is in line with the results of the main SUPREMES trial, our study was probably underpowered to detect an effect.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link>www.ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier: NCT00799890.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.615790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T05:03:55Z","timestamp":1619586235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Retinal Thickness Analysis in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Epigallocatechin Gallate: Optical Coherence Tomography Results From the SUPREMES Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Klumbies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Rust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Konietschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bellmann-Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna G.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.14","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis-a quiet revolution","volume":"11","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.133","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study: I. 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