{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:03:02Z","timestamp":1789275782039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG KN 316\/13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG KN 316\/13-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG RU 713\/6-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG RU 713\/6-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although tinnitus represents a major global burden, no causal therapy has yet been established. Ongoing controversies about the neuronal pathophysiology of tinnitus hamper efforts in developing advanced therapies. Hypothesizing that the unnoticed co-occurrence of hyperacusis and differences in the duration of tinnitus may possibly differentially influence the neural correlate of tinnitus, we analyzed 33 tinnitus patients without (T-group) and 20 tinnitus patients with hyperacusis (TH-group). We found crucial differences between the T-group and the TH-group in the increase of annoyance, complaints, tinnitus loudness, and central neural gain as a function of tinnitus duration. Hearing thresholds did not differ between T-group and TH-group. In the TH-group, the tinnitus complaints (total tinnitus score) were significantly greater from early on and the tinnitus intensity distinctly increased over time from ca. 12 to 17 dB when tinnitus persisted more than 5 years, while annoyance responses to normal sound remained nearly constant. In contrast, in the T-group tinnitus complaints remained constant, although the tinnitus intensity declined over time from ca. 27 down to 15 dB beyond 5 years of tinnitus persistence. This was explained through a gradually increased annoyance to normal sound over time, shown by a hyperacusis questionnaire. Parallel a shift from a mainly unilateral (only 17% bilateral) to a completely bilateral (100%) tinnitus percept occurred in the T-group, while bilateral tinnitus dominated in the TH-group from the start (75%). Over time in the T-group, ABR wave V amplitudes (and V\/I ratios) remained reduced and delayed. By contrast, in the TH-group especially the ABR wave III and V (and III\/I ratio) continued to be enhanced and shortened in response to high-level sound stimuli. Interestingly, in line with signs of an increased co-occurrence of hyperacusis in the T-group over time, ABR wave III also slightly increased in the T-group. The findings disclose an undiagnosed co-occurrence of hyperacusis in tinnitus patients as a main cause of distress and the cause of complaints about tinnitus over time. To achieve urgently needed and personalized therapies, possibly using the objective tools offered here, a systematic sub-classification of tinnitus and the co-occurrence of hyperacusis is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.627522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T08:23:53Z","timestamp":1616055833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Co-occurrence of Hyperacusis Accelerates With Tinnitus Burden Over Time and Requires Medical Care"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Refat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Wertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Hinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafeek Mohamed","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Saemisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hofmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wibke","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"R\u00fcttiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Knipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Wolpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-772","article-title":"Hearing difficulties, ear-related diagnoses and sickness absence or disability pension\u2013a systematic literature review","volume":"12","author":"Friberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.96.12.582","article-title":"Hyperacusis","volume":"96","author":"Baguley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J R Soc Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(04)00021-8","article-title":"A physiological correlate for the intolerance to both internal and external sounds","volume":"190","author":"Hebert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020209056075","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to sound (hyperacusis): a prevalence study conducted via the Internet and post","volume":"41","author":"Andersson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00226.2010","article-title":"Tinnitus, diminished sound-level tolerance, and elevated auditory activity in humans with clinically normal hearing sensitivity","volume":"104","author":"Gu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009","article-title":"A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity","volume":"337","author":"McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.132100","article-title":"Insights from the First International Conference on Hyperacusis: causes, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Aazh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2015.00026","article-title":"Central plasticity and dysfunction elicited by aural deprivation in the critical period","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608437","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/608437","article-title":"Pathology of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis-Clinical Implications","volume":"2015","author":"Moller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23525","article-title":"Tinnitus distress is linked to enhanced resting-state functional connectivity from the limbic system to the auditory cortex","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17144","article-title":"The Relationship between Severity of Hearing Loss and Subjective Tinnitus Loudness among Patients Seen in a Specialist Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Clinic in UK","volume":"30","author":"Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.11.003","article-title":"An integrative model of tinnitus based on a central gain controlling neural sensitivity","volume":"35","author":"Norena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model","volume":"31","author":"Schaette","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14974","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107998108","article-title":"Homeostatic plasticity drives tinnitus perception in an animal model","volume":"108","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00034","article-title":"Computational models of neurophysiological correlates of tinnitus","volume":"6","author":"Schaette","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-120248","article-title":"Homeostatic mechanisms and treatment of tinnitus","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00206","article-title":"Central gain control in tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"5","author":"Auerbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1159\/000380749","article-title":"Revisiting the cochlear and central mechanisms of tinnitus and therapeutic approaches","volume":"20","author":"Nore\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.10.004","article-title":"An Integrative Tinnitus Model Based on Sensory Precision","volume":"39","author":"Sedley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.12","article-title":"Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus\u2013triggers, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Shore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aal3175","article-title":"Auditory-somatosensory bimodal stimulation desynchronizes brain circuitry to reduce tinnitus in guinea pigs and humans","author":"Marks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.03.021","article-title":"Overview: Hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, and the role of central gain","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.08.029","article-title":"Reduced sound-evoked and resting-state BOLD fMRI connectivity in tinnitus","volume":"20","author":"Hofmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.12.038","article-title":"Enhanced Central Neural Gain Compensates Acoustic Trauma-induced Cochlear Impairment, but Unlikely Correlates with Tinnitus and Hyperacusis","volume":"407","author":"M\u00f6hrle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102166","article-title":"A 7 Tesla fMRI investigation of human tinnitus percept in cortical and subcortical auditory areas","volume":"25","author":"Berlot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2020.03.013","article-title":"Avenue for Future Tinnitus Treatments","volume":"53","author":"Kleinjung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.01.027","article-title":"Tinnitus: does gain explain?","volume":"407","author":"Sedley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2020.7951","article-title":"Analysis of auditory brainstem response change, according to tinnitus duration, in patients with tinnitus with normal hearing","volume":"16","author":"Joo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00605","article-title":"Transition from acute to chronic tinnitus: predictors for the development of chronic distressing tinnitus","volume":"8","author":"Wallhausser-Franke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00997","article-title":"From acute to chronic tinnitus: pilot data on predictors and progression","volume":"11","author":"Vielsmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21426","article-title":"Neural correlates of tinnitus duration and distress: a positron emission tomography study","volume":"34","author":"Schecklmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00060-013-0111-x","article-title":"Hyperakusis: Neues Screening-instrument vorgestellt","volume":"43","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"HNO Nachrichten."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"84","volume-title":"\u201cDas Hyperakusis-Inventar (HKI): Ein valides Screeninginstrument zur Erfassung der Hyperakusisbelastung unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung von Phonophobie, Rekruitment und Schwerh\u00f6rigkeit\u201d","author":"Goebel","year":"2013"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1994.tb01117.x","article-title":"Reliability of self-rated tinnitus distress and association with psychological symptom patterns","volume":"33","author":"Hiller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"491","article-title":"Approach to tinnitus management","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1978.41.2.365","article-title":"Properties of auditory nerve responses in absence of outer hair cells","volume":"41","author":"Dallos","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90046-9","article-title":"First appearance and development of electromotility in neonatal gerbil outer hair cells","volume":"78","author":"He","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181fcf180","article-title":"Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions in tinnitus patients","volume":"32","author":"Geven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.03.001","article-title":"Tinnitus-related dissociation between cortical and subcortical neural activity in humans with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"312","author":"Boyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00288","article-title":"Decreased Speech-In-Noise Understanding in Young Adults with Tinnitus","volume":"10","author":"Gilles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Relation to noise exposure but no evidence for cochlear synaptopathy","volume":"344","author":"Guest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3461-12.2013","article-title":"The auditory sensitivity is increased in tinnitus ears","volume":"33","author":"Hebert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086944","article-title":"Phenotypic characteristics of hyperacusis in tinnitus","volume":"9","author":"Schecklmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67423-5","article-title":"Presbycusis","volume":"366","author":"Gates","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11310.1","article-title":"Noise-induced and age-related hearing loss: new perspectives and potential therapies","volume":"6","author":"Liberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188255","article-title":"Characteristics of somatic tinnitus patients with and without hyperacusis","volume":"12","author":"Ralli","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1314-19.2020","article-title":"The neural bases of tinnitus: lessons from deafness and cochlear implants","volume":"40","author":"Knipper","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.05.009","article-title":"An active loudness model suggesting tinnitus as increased central noise and hyperacusis as increased nonlinear gain","volume":"295","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57247","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057247","article-title":"The reduced cochlear output and the failure to adapt the central auditory response causes tinnitus in noise exposed rats","volume":"8","author":"R\u00fcttiger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8372-8","article-title":"Noise-induced inner hair cell ribbon loss disturbs central arc mobilization: a novel molecular paradigm for understanding tinnitus","volume":"47","author":"Singer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.08.002","article-title":"Advances in the neurobiology of hearing disorders: recent developments regarding the basis of tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"111","author":"Knipper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2083-19.2020","article-title":"Cortical tonotopic maps changes in humans are larger in hearing loss than in additional tinnitus","volume":"40","author":"Koops","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110704","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110704","article-title":"Unilateral tinnitus: changes in connectivity and response lateralization measured with FMRI","volume":"9","author":"Lanting","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23204","article-title":"Intrinsic network activity in tinnitus investigated using functional MRI","volume":"37","author":"Leaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.01.009","article-title":"A non-canonical pathway from cochlea to brain signals tissue-damaging noise","volume":"25","author":"Flores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515228112","article-title":"Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00576.2014","article-title":"Increased contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions indicates a hyperresponsive medial olivocochlear system in humans with tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"112","author":"Knudson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00948.2014","article-title":"Hyperactivity in the medial olivocochlear efferent system is a common feature of tinnitus and hyperacusis in humans","volume":"114","author":"Sturm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(94)90128-7","article-title":"Central trajectories of type II (thin) fibers of the auditory nerve in cats","volume":"79","author":"Morgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22797","article-title":"Planar multipolar cells in the cochlear nucleus project to medial olivocochlear neurons in mouse","volume":"520","author":"Darrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-5955(00)00136-2","article-title":"Auditory plasticity and hyperactivity following cochlear damage","volume":"147","author":"Salvi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-008-0142-y","article-title":"Encoding intensity in ventral cochlear nucleus following acoustic trauma: implications for loudness recruitment","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7601","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100223108","article-title":"Mice with behavioral evidence of tinnitus exhibit dorsal cochlear nucleus hyperactivity because of decreased GABAergic inhibition","volume":"108","author":"Middleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6639","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6538-10.2011","article-title":"Hyperactivity in the ventral cochlear nucleus after cochlear trauma","volume":"31","author":"Vogler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909260","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/909260","article-title":"Acute and long-term effects of noise exposure on the neuronal spontaneous activity in cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus brain slices","volume":"2014","author":"Groschel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"52","article-title":"Generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in cat","volume":"93","author":"Melcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"III: Identified cell populations Hear Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2019.1660812","article-title":"A review of auditory gain, low-level noise and sound therapy for tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"59","author":"Sheppard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.627522\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T08:23:58Z","timestamp":1616055838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.627522\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2021.627522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.627522","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"article-number":"627522"}}