{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T13:12:52Z","timestamp":1770901972019,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1306500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1306500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005151","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> We aimed to characterize the cognitive profiles in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and explore the cerebral metabolism related to the cognitive decline in MSA using <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, 105 MSA patients were included for cognitive assessment and 84 of them were enrolled for <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET analysis. The comprehensive neuropsychological tests covered five main domains including execution, attention, memory, language, and visuospatial function. The cognitive statuses were classified to MSA with normal cognition (MSA-NC) and MSA with cognitive impairment (MSA-CI), including dementia (MSA-D), and mild cognitive impairment (MSA-MCI). With <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET imaging, the cerebral metabolism differences among different cognitive statuses were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Among 84 MSA patients, 52 patients were found with MSA-CI, including 36 patients as MSA-MCI and 16 patients as MSA-D. In detail, the cognitive impairments were observed in all the five domains, primarily in attention, executive function and memory. In <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET imaging, MSA-D and MSA-MCI patients exhibited hypometabolism in left middle and superior frontal lobe compared with MSA-NC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The normalized regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in left middle frontal lobe showed relative accuracy in discriminating MSA-CI and MSA-NC [areas under the curve (AUC) = 0.750; 95%CI = 0.6391\u20130.8609].<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Cognitive impairments were not rare in MSA, and the hypometabolism in frontal lobe may contribute to such impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.652059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T07:22:01Z","timestamp":1617261721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cerebral Metabolism Related to Cognitive Impairments in Multiple System 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