{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:47:06Z","timestamp":1760986026967,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Indications for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery are determined basically by preoperative motor function; however, postoperative quality of life (QOL) is not necessarily associated with improvements in motor symptoms, suggesting that neuropsychiatric symptoms might be related to QOL after surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> We aimed to examine temporal changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms and their associations with QOL after STN-DBS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> We prospectively enrolled a total of 61 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age = 65.3 \u00b1 0.9 years, mean disease duration = 11.9 \u00b1 0.4 years). Motor function, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated before and after DBS surgery. Postoperative evaluation was performed at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years after surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Of the 61 participants, 54 completed postoperative clinical evaluation after 3 months, 47 after 1 year, and 23 after 3 years. Frontal lobe functions, depression, and verbal fluency significantly worsened 3 years after STN-DBS. Non-motor symptoms such as impulsivity and the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part I score were associated with QOL after STN-DBS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Frontal lobe functions, depression, and verbal fluency significantly worsened 3 years after STN-DBS. The UPDRS part I score and higher impulsivity might be associated with QOL after STN-DBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.656041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T07:50:08Z","timestamp":1620114608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain 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