{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:41:39Z","timestamp":1792651299318,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. It results from either static or dynamic compression of the ulnar nerve. While the retroepicondylar groove and its surrounding structures are quite superficial, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging is associated with the following advantages: (1) an excellent spatial resolution allows a detailed morphological assessment of the ulnar nerve and adjacent structures, (2) dynamic imaging represents the gold standard for assessing the ulnar nerve stability in the retroepicondylar groove during flexion\/extension, and (3) US guidance bears the capability of increasing the accuracy and safety of injections. This review aims to illustrate the ulnar nerve's detailed anatomy at the elbow using cadaveric images to understand better both static and dynamic imaging of the ulnar nerve around the elbow. Pathologies covering ulnar nerve instability, idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome, space-occupying lesions (e.g., ganglion, heterotopic ossification, aberrant veins, and anconeus epitrochlearis muscle) are presented. Additionally, the authors also exemplify the scientific evidence from the literature supporting the proposition that US guidance is beneficial in injection therapy of UNE. The non-surgical management description covers activity modifications, splinting, neuromobilization\/gliding exercise, and physical agents. In the operative treatment description, an emphasis is put on two commonly used approaches\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    decompression and anterior transpositions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T01:56:51Z","timestamp":1620957411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: From Ultrasound Scanning to Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kamal","family":"Mezian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Ja\u010disko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Macha\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Steyerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol\u00edna","family":"Sobotov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvona","family":"Angerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Na\u0148ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00261","article-title":"Cubital tunnel syndrome: current concepts","volume":"25","author":"Staples","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000344","article-title":"Sonographic tracking of the upper limb peripheral nerves: a pictorial essay and video demonstration","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001390","article-title":"EURO-MUSCULUS\/USPRM global report on musculoskeletal ultrasound publications","volume":"99","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001372","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination: the \u201cX-Factor\u201d in physiatry","volume":"99","author":"Ricci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.14735\/amcsnn2016656","article-title":"Introduction to neuromuscular ultrasound","volume":"79","author":"Mezian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cesk Slov Neurol N."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:6<372::AID-CA2>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Anatomy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow: potential relationship of acute ulnar neuropathy to gender differences","volume":"11","author":"Contreras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Anat."},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy. 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