{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:31:10Z","timestamp":1788780670731,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Migraine has been postulated to lead to structural and functional changes of different cortical and subcortical areas, including the frontal lobe, the brainstem, and cerebellum. The (sub-)clinical impact of these changes is a matter of debate. The spectrum of possible clinical differences include domains such as cognition but also coordination. The present study investigated the oculomotor performance of patients with migraine with and without aura compared to control subjects without migraine in reflexive saccades, but also in intentional saccades, which involve cerebellar as well as cortical networks.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In 18 patients with migraine with aura and 21 patients with migraine without aura saccadic eye movements were recorded in two reflexive (gap, overlap) and two intentional (anti, memory) paradigms and compared to 25 controls without migraine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The main finding of the study was an increase of saccade latency in patients with and without aura compared to the control group solely in the anti-task. No deficits were found in the execution of reflexive saccades.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Our results suggest a specific deficit in the generation of correct anti-saccades, such as vector inversion. Such processes are considered to need cortical networks to be executed correctly. The parietal cortex has been suggested to be involved in vector inversion processes but is not commonly described to be altered in migraine patients. It could be discussed that the cerebellum, which is recently thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine, might be involved in distinct processes such as spatial re-mapping through known interconnections with parietal and frontal cortical areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.669922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T05:44:28Z","timestamp":1617774268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reflexive and Intentional Saccadic Eye Movements in Migraineurs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Filipp M.","family":"Filippopulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Goeschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Schoeberl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan E.","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eggert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00715.x","article-title":"The cerebellum and migraine","volume":"47","author":"Vincent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.10.033","article-title":"Brain white matter hyperintensities in migraine: clinical and radiological correlates","volume":"115","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01133.x","article-title":"Attack frequency and disease duration as indicators for brain damage in migraine","volume":"48","author":"Schmitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415588328","article-title":"Volumetric differences suggest involvement of cerebellum and brainstem in chronic migraine","volume":"36","author":"Bilgi\u00e7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17722109","article-title":"Functional and structural alterations in the migraine cerebellum","volume":"39","author":"Mehnert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-008-0090-4","article-title":"Reduced cerebellar inhibition in migraine with aura: a TMS study","volume":"8","author":"Brighina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebellum."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1019","article-title":"Subclinical cerebellar impairment in the common types of migraine: a three-dimensional analysis of reaching movements","volume":"49","author":"S\u00e1ndor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416643527","article-title":"Cerebellar function and ischemic brain lesions in migraine patients from the general population","volume":"37","author":"Koppen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh542","article-title":"Infarcts in the posterior circulation territory in migraine. The population-based MRI CAMERA study","volume":"128","author":"Kruit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.05.033","article-title":"Frontal lobe structure and executive function in migraine patients","volume":"440","author":"Schmitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02218.x","article-title":"Migraine, headaches, and cognition","volume":"52","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411417900","article-title":"The impact of a migraine attack and its after-effects on perceptual organization, attention, and working memory","volume":"31","author":"Koppen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.017","article-title":"Inhibitory control of saccadic eye movements and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"57","author":"Crawford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412441089","article-title":"Altered interictal saccadic reaction time in migraine: a cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Chandna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411410085","article-title":"Saccade behaviour in migraine patients","volume":"31","author":"Cambron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01091.x","article-title":"Ocular motor measures in migraine with and without aura","volume":"26","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-004-0218-6","article-title":"Persistent ocular motor disturbances in migraine without aura","volume":"25","author":"Wieser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000098882.82690.65","article-title":"Subclinical vestibulocerebellar dysfunction in migraine with and without aura","volume":"61","author":"Harno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30085-1","article-title":"International classification of headache disorders","volume":"17","author":"Olesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/38.3.318","article-title":"The effect of increasing age on the latency for saccadic eye movements","volume":"38","author":"Carter","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Gerontol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00109-7","article-title":"Age diminishes performance on an antisaccade eye movement task","volume":"18","author":"Olincy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2005.1571514","article-title":"Eye movement driven head-mounted camera: it looks where the eyes look","volume-title":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","author":"Schneider","year":"2005"},{"key":"B23","author":"Hays","year":"1982","journal-title":"Unix-Based Multiple-Process System, for Real-Time Data Acquisition and Control"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.3.1550","article-title":"Inactivation of parietal and prefrontal cortex reveals interdependence of neural activity during memory-guided saccades","volume":"83","author":"Chafee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229839","article-title":"Cortical control of memory-guided saccades in man","volume":"83","author":"Pierrot-Deseilligny","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200402000-00005","article-title":"Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex","volume":"17","author":"Pierrot-Deseilligny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12550","article-title":"Acute migraine treatment in adults","volume":"55","author":"Becker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00386.x","article-title":"Migraine: preventive treatment","volume":"22","author":"Silberstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00504.2003","article-title":"Persistent LIP activity in memory antisaccades: working memory for a sensorimotor transformation","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/35050097","article-title":"Neuronal switching of sensorimotor transformations for antisaccades","volume":"408","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1345","article-title":"Look away: the anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement","volume":"5","author":"Munoz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01331.2004","article-title":"Remapping the remembered target location for anti-saccades in human posterior parietal cortex","volume":"94","author":"Medendorp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.006","article-title":"Neural networks related to pro-saccades and anti-saccades revealed by independent component analysis","volume":"62","author":"Domagalik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.040","article-title":"Where left becomes right: a magnetoencephalographic study of sensorimotor transformation for antisaccades","volume":"36","author":"Moon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70107-3","article-title":"Advanced neuroimaging of migraine","volume":"8","author":"Schwedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183717","article-title":"Pathophysiology of migraine","volume":"75","author":"Pietrobon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2814-z","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment in migraine patients: a descriptive review on cognitive implications","volume":"38","author":"Foti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0272-3","article-title":"Frontal lobe and posterior parietal contributions to the cortico-cerebellar system","volume":"11","author":"Ramnani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebellum"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.669922\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T05:44:31Z","timestamp":1617774271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.669922\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2021.669922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.669922","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"article-number":"669922"}}