{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:38:37Z","timestamp":1766158717008,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome\u2013coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is primarily a respiratory infection but has been recently associated with a variety of neurological symptoms. We present herewith a COVID-19 case manifesting as opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS), a rare neurological disorder.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Case Presentation:<\/jats:bold> A 63-year-old male diagnosed with COVID-19 infection developed behavioral changes, confusion, and insomnia followed by reduced mobility and abnormal eye movements within 48 h of recovery from respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19. On examination, he had rapid, chaotic, involuntary saccadic, multidirectional eye movements (opsoclonus), and limb myoclonus together with truncal ataxia. CSF analysis, MRI of the brain, and screening for anti-neuronal and encephalitis related antibodies were negative. Extensive testing revealed no underlying malignancy. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with complete resolution of symptoms within 4 weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> COVID-19 infection can be associated with the manifestation of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, a rare neurological disorder that can be treated with IVIG if not responsive to corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.672524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T05:31:01Z","timestamp":1623043861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Post-COVID Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome: A Case Report From Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hira","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talha","family":"Durrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nemat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"McCombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian Ayaz","family":"Ul Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000897","article-title":"Potential neurological manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Nordvig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Practice"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00941-1","article-title":"Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, a post-infectious neurologic complication of COVID-19: case series and review of literature","volume":"27","author":"Emamikhah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010978","article-title":"Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome in the setting of COVID-19 infection","volume":"96","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.2.437","article-title":"Clinical outcome in adult onset idiopathic or paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus","volume":"124","author":"Bataller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Myoclonus. In: Singer HS, Mink JW, Gilbert DL, Jankovic J, editors","volume-title":"Movement Disorders in Childhood","author":"Singer","year":"2010"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237723","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of neuroblastoma-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome","volume":"40","author":"De Grandis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.01.051","article-title":"Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome in neuroblastoma a report from a workshop on the dancing eyes syndrome at the advances in neuroblastoma meeting in Genoa, Italy, 2004","volume":"228","author":"Matthay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4607","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in the era of neuronal cell surface antibodies","volume":"73","author":"Armangu\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(95)00083-R","article-title":"Outcome of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus regardless of etiology","volume":"13","author":"Hammer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23854","article-title":"Full recovery of adult onset opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome after early immunotherapy: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Groiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.2.279","article-title":"Parainfectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: high dose intravenous immunoglobulins are effective","volume":"74","author":"Glatz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.580","article-title":"Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS) associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: post-infectious neurological complication with benign prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Urrea-Mendoza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001129","article-title":"Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14726","article-title":"Acute cerebellar ataxia and myoclonus with or without opsoclonus: a parainfectious syndrome associated with COVID-19","author":"Foucard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102855","article-title":"Immunotherapy responsive SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbating opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Wiegand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Related Disord."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13049","article-title":"Myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"7","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70272-5","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies in childhood opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: an analysis of antigenic targets in neural tissues","volume":"130","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.672524\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T05:31:03Z","timestamp":1623043863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.672524\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2021.672524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.672524","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"article-number":"672524"}}