{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:55:50Z","timestamp":1790114150575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002468","name":"Dong-A University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-lined motor neuron disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness, bulbar palsy, and dysphagia. Dysphagia is associated with tongue weakness, which is a common manifestation of SBMA. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between tongue pressure and dysphagia in patients with SBMA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> Thirty-nine genetically confirmed SBMA patients underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and tongue pressure assessment. Then, we analyzed the maximal tongue pressure (MTP), oral transit time, penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R), and 6-min walk test (6MWT). Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the association of the MTP with clinical, swallowing, and functional parameters.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In the correlation analysis, MTP was negatively correlated with disease duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.396, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013) and VDS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.426, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), and positively correlated with ALSFRS-R (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.483, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and 6MWT (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.396, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013). The bulbar (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.367, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) and gross motor (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.486, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) domains of the ALSFRS-R were correlated with MTP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Tongue pressure assessment can be used as a safe and easy tool to assess swallowing function in SBMA patients. Moreover, MTP reflects functional states, including activities of daily living and gait performance, showing it to be a potential biomarker for physical performance in SBMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.704788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T01:15:24Z","timestamp":1630718124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Correlation Between Maximal Tongue Pressure and Swallowing Function in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular 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