{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:04:15Z","timestamp":1753891455499,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007379","name":"Fondation pour l'Aide \u00e0 la Recherche sur la Scl\u00e9rose en Plaques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) mediates a key role in the generation and survival of antibody-inducing plasmocytes. Based on this, APRIL has been targeted in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON). In MS lesions, APRIL has a new cellular target, the reactive astrocyte and mediates an immunosuppressive activity. Here, we analyzed APRIL expression in a case of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), another autoimmune neurodegenerative disease, showing selective aquaporin-4 depletion in the spinal cord, complement deposition and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the presence of APRIL-producing cells, plasmocytes, astrocytes and the localization of secreted APRIL in a lesion from NMO. Plasmocytes were present close to APRIL-producing cells in meninges. However, our main observation was that APRIL targets reactive astrocytes in this lesion of NMO similarly to MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.721877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T05:06:00Z","timestamp":1628139960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: In Situ Expression of a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand in Neuromyelitis Optica"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laurie","family":"Baert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Marignier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans 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study","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1116-7","article-title":"Presence of six different lesion types suggests diverse mechanisms of tissue injury in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"125","author":"Misu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-001800","article-title":"Neutrophil-derived APRIL concentrated in tumor lesions by proteoglycans correlates with human B-cell lymphoma aggressiveness","volume":"109","author":"Schwaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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