{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:40:22Z","timestamp":1787503222203,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mirror movements (MMs) are specifically defined as involuntary movements occurring on one side of homologous muscles when performing unilateral movements with the contralateral limb. MMs have been considered a kind of soft neurological signs, and the persistence or reappearance of MMs in adults is usually pathologic. In addition to some congenital syndrome, MMs have been also described in age-related neurological diseases including pyramidal system diseases (e.g., stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and extrapyramidal disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, essential tremor). With the advances in instrumentation and detection means, subtle or subclinical MMs have been deeply studied. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is also being further elucidated. In this mini-review, we firstly discuss the MM examination means, and then review the literature regarding MMs in individuals with acquired neurological disorders, in order to further understand the pathogenesis of MMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.736115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:27:40Z","timestamp":1632097660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mirror Movements in Acquired Neurological Disorders: A Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.07.013","article-title":"Investigating the cortical origins of motor overflow","volume":"46","author":"Hoy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.069625","article-title":"Mirror movements in neurology","volume":"76","author":"Farmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.113","article-title":"Mirror movements in movement disorders: a review","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51557.x","article-title":"Age and features of movement influence motor overflow","volume":"51","author":"Bodwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199905)45:5<583::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"A neurophysiological study of mirror movements in adults and children","volume":"45","author":"Mayston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00470360097009","article-title":"Mirror movements in patients with the Klippel-Feil syndrome. 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