{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:01:21Z","timestamp":1787828481173,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MR-gLiTT) is a novel minimally invasive treatment approach for drug-resistant focal epilepsy and brain tumors. Using thermal ablation induced by a laser diode implanted intracranially in a stereotactic manner, the technique is highly effective and safe, reducing the risk associated with more traditional open surgical approaches that could lead to increased neurological morbidity. Indications for MR-gLiTT in pediatric epilepsy surgery include hypothalamic hamartoma, tuberous sclerosis complex, cavernoma-related epilepsy, SEEG-guided seizure onset zone ablation, corpus callosotomy, periventricular nodular heterotopia, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, and insular epilepsy. We review the available literature on the topic and present our series of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy treated by MR-gLiTT. Our experience, represented by six cases of hypothalamic hamartomas, one case of tuberous sclerosis, and one case of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, helps to confirm that MR-gLiTT is a highly safe and effective procedure for several epilepsy conditions in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.739034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T05:16:30Z","timestamp":1635225390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MR-gLiTT) in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: State of the Art and Presentation of Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital (Genoa, Italy) Series"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Consales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Cognolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Pacetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Margherita","family":"Mancardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Tortora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Piatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lino","family":"Nobili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1769868","article-title":"Emerging indications for stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy in pediatric neurosurgery","volume":"37","author":"Remick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2169-6","article-title":"The use of MRI-guided laser-induced thermal ablation for epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Tovar-Spinoza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/12\/305","article-title":"Optical properties of selected native and coagulated human brain tissues in vitro in the visible and near infrared spectral range","volume":"47","author":"Yaroslavsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.12.010","article-title":"Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LiTT) in pediatric epilepsy surgery","volume":"77","author":"Hoppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199709000-00031","article-title":"Laser-induced thermal lesions in the human brain: short- and long-term appearance on MRI","volume":"21","author":"Schwabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10243","article-title":"thermometry-based feedback control of laser interstitial thermal therapy at 980 nm","volume":"34","author":"McNichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21265","article-title":"MR Hermometry","volume":"27","author":"Rieke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"645","article-title":"MRI-Guided Laser Thermal Therapy in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery","volume-title":"Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery","author":"Tovar-Spinoza","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3193-0","article-title":"MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for the treatment of low-grade gliomas in children: a case-series review, description of the current technologies and perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Tovar-Spinoza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13752","article-title":"Hypothalamic hamartoma: neuropathology and epileptogenesis","volume":"58","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.FOCUS1355","article-title":"Hypothalamic hamartomas. 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