{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:06Z","timestamp":1787026926235,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004337","name":"St. George's, University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Risk factors for neurological complications in sickle cell disease differ in the adult and pediatric populations. Here, we focused on neurological complications in adults with sickle cell disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Patients were selected using the audit data from the St George's Hospital Red Cell Database. The genotyping, demographics, clinical data, and investigation findings were collected.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 303 patients were enrolled in the study: hemoglobin S homozygosity (HbSS) genotype 56%, hemoglobin S and C coinheritance (HbSC) genotype 35%, and hemoglobin S and \u03b2-thalassemia coinheritance (HbS\u03b2) thalassemia genotype 9%; the mean age was 38.8 years (\u00b113.5 SD) with 46% males. The most common neurological complication was cerebrovascular disease (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 37, 12%) including those with ischemic stroke (10%), cerebral vasculopathy (3%), and intracranial hemorrhage (1%). Ischemic stroke was common among the HbSS genotype compared with other genotypes (8 vs. 1.6%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001). Comparing the patients with sickle cell disease who had suffered a stroke to those who had not, there was a higher proportion of intracranial vasculopathy (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001, in particular, Moyamoya) and cognitive dysfunction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.0001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our cohort supports previous reports that the most common neurological complication in adult sickle cell patients is cerebrovascular disease. Strategies to prevent cerebral vasculopathy and cognitive impairment should be explored.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.744118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T02:37:02Z","timestamp":1639535822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Epidemiology of Neurological Complications in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: A Retrospective Cohort 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