{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:15:32Z","timestamp":1784859332139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K10328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K10328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K19211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K19211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral cenesthopathy (OC) is characterized by unusual oral discomfort without corresponding evidence, and it has often been categorized as \u201cdelusional disorder, somatic type\u201d. Regarding possible causative factors of OC, involvement of neurovascular contact (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve, which transmits not only pain but also thermal, tactile, and pressure sensations, has never been observed yet. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics of unilateral OC and the presence of trigeminal nerve NVC. This is a retrospective comparative study that involved 48 patients having predominantly unilateral OC who visited the Psychosomatic Dentistry Clinic of Tokyo Medical and Dental University between April 2016 and February 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess NVC presence. The Oral Dysesthesia Rating Scale (Oral DRS) was used to assess the various oral sensations and functional impairments besides psychometric questionnaires. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively obtained from the patients' medical charts. NVC was present in 45.8% (22\/48) of the patients. There was no significant difference in sex, age, psychiatric history, oral psychosomatic comorbidity, and psychometric questionnaire scores between patients with and without NVC. However, compared to the patients with NVC, the patients without NVC had significantly higher scores for overall subjective severity of OC symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). Moreover, patients having predominantly unilateral OC without NVC showed significantly higher scores in symptom severity and functional impairment of the following parameters: movement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.030), work (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), and social activities (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.010). In addition, compared with the patients with NVC, the patients without NVC showed significantly higher averages of the total symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional impairment scale (FIS) scores in the Oral DRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.031, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the patients with NVC, the patients without NVC had significantly higher numbers of corresponding symptoms in both the SSS and FIS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.041 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007, respectively). While NVC may be involved in the indescribable subtle OC symptoms, more complex mechanisms may also exist in OC patients without NVC, which yield varying and more unbearable oral symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.744561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T06:16:41Z","timestamp":1632118601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Predominantly Unilateral Oral Cenesthopathy With and Without Neurovascular Contact"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoli","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang Thi Huyen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichiro","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yojiro","family":"Umezaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Takenoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Uezato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Motomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Kurabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Abiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-016-0071-7","article-title":"Oral cenesthopathy","volume":"10","author":"Umezaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S167527","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and course of oral somatic delusions: a retrospective chart review of 606 cases in 5 years","volume":"14","author":"Umezaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Classification of diseases (ICD)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0359-8","article-title":"Oral dysesthesia rating scale: a tool for assessing psychosomatic symptoms in oral regions","volume":"14","author":"Uezato","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-013-0390-7","article-title":"Brain perfusion asymmetry in patients with oral somatic delusions","volume":"263","author":"Umezaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0422-0","article-title":"Comparison of cerebral blood flow in oral somatic delusion in patients with and without a history of depression: a comparative case series","volume":"15","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2347","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Love","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz300","article-title":"Differences in the clinical characteristics of persistent idiopathic facial pain (Atypical Odontalgia) patients with or without neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"21","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e755","DOI":"10.1097\/pr9.0000000000000755","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve and white matter brain abnormalities in chronic orofacial pain disorders","volume":"4","author":"Moayedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008","article-title":"A self-rating depression scale","volume":"12","author":"Zung","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.03.010","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life and pain in patients with chronic fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain","volume":"14","author":"Gormsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pain."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181d143de","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty in adolescents: correlations with worry, social anxiety, and depression","volume":"198","author":"Boelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.09.013","article-title":"Unpredictable pain timings lead to greater pain when people are highly intolerant of uncertainty","volume":"17","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Pain."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12179","article-title":"The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden","volume":"174","author":"Gierk","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2016.12.002","article-title":"Development of a Japanese version of the somatic symptom scale-8: psychometric validity and internal consistency","volume":"45","author":"Matsudaira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.34","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Quartana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S129585","article-title":"Estimated risk for chronic pain determined using the generic STarT back 5-item screening tool","volume":"10","author":"Oka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res."},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS141741","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression presents earlier than trigeminal neuralgia with neurovascular compression","volume":"123","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.744561\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T06:16:44Z","timestamp":1632118604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.744561\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2021.744561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.744561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"article-number":"744561"}}