{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:08:39Z","timestamp":1777486119078,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017G006021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017G006021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The main markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) on MRI may be entered into a scoring system, with the total score representing the overall burden of cSVD. An association between total cSVD score and cognitive dysfunction has been reported in several cohorts. The present study aimed to investigate this association in outpatients with amnestic disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> Outpatients with amnestic complaints in a memory clinic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 289) were recruited retrospectively. All the patients had undergone clinical and cognitive evaluation at first presentation. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The total cSVD score was based on the following markers on MRI: lacune; white matter hyperintensities, microbleed, and enlarged perivascular spaces. The association between total cSVD score and MoCA score was tested via Spearman's analysis and a linear regression model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Among the 289 patients, rates for 0\u20134 cSVD markers respectively ranged from 30.4 to 2.8%. A multiple linear regression model revealed an inverse correlation between the total cSVD score and MoCA score. The association remained significant after adjusting for gender, age, education, levels of medial temporal lobe atrophy, and classical vascular risk factors [\u03b2 = \u22120.729, 95% CI (\u22121.244, \u22120.213); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006]. When individual markers were individually analyzed after adjusting for the same factors, only microbleed associated with MoCA score [\u03b2 = \u22123.007, 95% CI (\u22124.533, \u22121.480), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001].<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> A significant association was demonstrated between total cSVD score and cognitive performance in the outpatients with amnestic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.747115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T11:33:44Z","timestamp":1638444824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden on MRI Correlates With Cognitive Impairment in Outpatients With Amnestic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yangyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huailian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496","article-title":"Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association\/american stroke association","volume":"42","author":"Gorelick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24","article-title":"Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons","volume":"69","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70060-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.064998","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are associated with mild cognitive deficits in non-disabled elderly people: the LADIS study","volume":"76","author":"van der Flier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.1017","article-title":"Association of Cerebral Microbleeds With Cognitive Decline and Dementia","volume":"73","author":"Akoudad","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821d752f","article-title":"Incident lacunes influence cognitive decline: the LADIS study","volume":"76","author":"Jokinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328172d661","article-title":"The relation between white-matter lesions and cognition","volume":"20","author":"Pantoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132606","article-title":"Baseline predictors of cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"42","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000837","article-title":"Stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and total MRI brain small-vessel disease burden","volume":"83","author":"Staals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00072","article-title":"Accumulation of MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease is Associated with Decreased Cognitive Function","volume":"5","author":"Huijts","year":"2013","journal-title":"A Study in First-Ever Lacunar Stroke and Hypertensive Patients Frontiers in aging neuroscience."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202438","article-title":"Modified cerebral small vessel disease score is associated with vascular cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke","author":"Zhi","year":"2021"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4747","article-title":"Total cerebral small vessel disease score and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"33","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Results from the Atahualpa Project International journal of geriatric psychiatry."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.024","article-title":"Total MRI load of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive ability in older people","volume":"36","author":"Staals","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002545","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure in patients with lacunar stroke: association with total MRI burden of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"44","author":"Klarenbeek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.558049","article-title":"Brain microbleeds relate to higher ambulatory blood pressure levels in first-ever lacunar stroke patients","volume":"40","author":"Staals","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000307750.41970.d9","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study","volume":"70","author":"Vernooij","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.564914","article-title":"Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"41","author":"Doubal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","article-title":"signal abnormalities at 1","volume":"149","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging AJR American journal of roentgenology."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302562","article-title":"Impact commentaries","volume":"83","author":"Scheltens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atrophy of medial temporal lobes on MRI in \u201cprobable\u201d Alzheimer's disease and normal ageing: diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln004","article-title":"Single and combined effects of cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar infarctions on cognitive function in an elderly population","volume":"64","author":"Baune","year":"2009","journal-title":"The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00301","article-title":"Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease MRI Score Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Executive Function in Patients with Hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Uiterwijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170943","article-title":"Total MRI Small Vessel Disease Burden Correlates with Cognitive Performance, Cortical Atrophy, and Network Measures in a Memory Clinic Population","volume":"63","author":"Banerjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001705","article-title":"Clinical effect of white matter network disruption related to amyloid and small vessel disease","volume":"85","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0014-y","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective","volume":"14","author":"Ter Telgte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature reviews Neurology."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of leukoaraiosis and brain atrophy in symptomatic small vessel disease. Brain: a journal of neurology","author":"Lambert","year":"2016"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000913","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment: from diagnosis to management","volume":"34","author":"Zanon Zotin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-010-1210-y","article-title":"The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30079-1","article-title":"Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006617","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic perfusion after strokes revealed by contrast-enhanced MRI: a new target for fibrinolysis?","volume":"45","author":"Gaberel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12472","article-title":"Review: Vascular dementia: clinicopathologic and genetic considerations","volume":"44","author":"Vinters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200559","article-title":"Microbleeds and Medial Temporal Atrophy Determine Cognitive Trajectories in Normal Aging: A Longitudinal PET-MRI Study","volume":"77","author":"Montandon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004042","article-title":"Total small vessel disease score and risk of recurrent stroke: Validation in 2 large cohorts","volume":"88","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026170","article-title":"Global Burden of Small Vessel Disease-Related Brain Changes on MRI Predicts Cognitive and Functional Decline","volume":"51","author":"Jokinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.747115\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T11:33:46Z","timestamp":1638444826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.747115\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2021.747115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.747115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"article-number":"747115"}}