{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:36:30Z","timestamp":1783042590649,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system that has been associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). However, this association has not been completely established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence of calcified NCC (cNCC), its characteristics and a possible association between cNCC and MTLE-HS in a cohort of 731 patients with epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We review clinical, EEG and neuroimaging findings of 731 patients with epilepsy. From these, 659 had CT-scans and 441 patients had complete neuroimaging with CT-scans and MRI. In these patients, we review the prevalence and characteristic of epilepsy in cNCC and in MTLE-HS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-two (6.4%) of the 659 patients studied with CT-scans had cNCC. cNCC lesions were more frequent in women than in men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 33\u201378.6% vs.<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 09\u201321.4%, respectively; OR = 3.64;(95%CI = 1.71\u20137.69);<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.001). cNCC was more often in patients who developed epilepsy later in life, in older patients, in patients who had a longer history of epilepsy, and in those with a lower educational level. MTLE\u2013HS was observed in 93 (21.1%) of 441 patients that had complete neuroimaging, and 25 (26.9%) of these 93 patients also had cNCC. Calcified NCC was observed in only 17 (4.9%) of the remaining 348 patients that had other types of epilepsy rather than MTLE-HS. Thus, in our cohort, cNCC was more frequently associated with MTLE-HS than with other forms of epilepsy, O.R. = 11.90;(95%CI = 6.10\u201323.26);<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>As expected, in some patients the epilepsy was directly related to cNCC lesional zone, although this was observed in a surprisingly lower number of patients. Also, cNCC lesions were observed in other forms of epilepsy, a finding that could occur only by chance, with epilepsy probably being not related to cNCC at all. In this cohort, cNCC was very commonly associated with MTLE-HS, an observation in agreement with the hypothesis that NCC can contribute to or directly cause MTLE-HS in many patients. Given the broad world prevalence of NCC and the relatively few studies in this field, our findings add more data suggesting a possible and intriguing frequent interplay between NCC and MTLE-HS, two of the most common causes of focal epilepsy worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.769356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T16:02:31Z","timestamp":1643299351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Association of Calcified Neurocysticercosis and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis in a Large Cohort of Patients With Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tha\u00eds Leite","family":"Secchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Brondani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto","family":"Bragatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Wladimir Junqueira","family":"Bizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marino Muxfeldt","family":"Bianchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14117-7","article-title":"Cysticercosis working group in peru. 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