{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:31Z","timestamp":1753891531876,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The overlapping clinical presentations of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) make clinical diagnosis challenging. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the distributions and characteristics of muscle fat substitution and edema and aims to differentiate those two diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This retrospective study reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of seventeen patients with pathologically proved diagnosis, comprising 11 with LGMD and 6 with IIM. The fat-only and water-only images from a Dixon sequence were used to evaluate muscle fat substitution and edema, respectively. The degrees of muscle fat substitution and edema were graded and compared using the appropriate statistical methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In LGMD, more than 50% of patients had high-grade fat substitution in the majority of muscle groups in the thigh and calf. However, &amp;lt;50% of IIM patients had high-grade fat substitution in all muscle groups. Moreover, LGMD patients had significantly higher grade fat substitution than IIM patients in all large muscle groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in edema in the majority of muscle groups, except the adductor magnus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) and soleus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) with higher grade edema in IIM. Additionally, all the adductor magnus muscles in LGMD (100%) showed high-grade fat substitution, but none of them showed high-grade edema.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> MRI could be a valuable tool to differentiate LGMD from IIM based on the discrepancy in muscle fat substitution, and the adductor magnus muscle could provide a biosignature to categorizing LGMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.783095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T06:25:18Z","timestamp":1639981518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Muscle Biosignature Differentiating Between Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Hua","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun-Yun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing 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