{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:42:53Z","timestamp":1793493773700,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuropathic pain and other pain syndromes occur in the vast majority of patients with multiple sclerosis at some time during their disease course. Pain can become chronic and paroxysmal. In this review, we will utilize clinical vignettes to describe various pain syndromes associated with multiple sclerosis and their pathophysiology. These syndromes vary from central neuropathic pain or Lhermitte's phenomenon associated with central nervous system lesions to trigeminal neuralgia and optic neuritis pain associated with nerve lesions. Muscular pain can also arise due to spasticity. In addition, we will discuss strategies utilized to help patients manage these symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.799698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:05:40Z","timestamp":1642032340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Pain in Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Through Clinical Vignettes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Racke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot M.","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052130","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis- The plaque and its pathogenesis","volume":"354","author":"Frohman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.024","article-title":"Pain associated with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and proposed classification","volume":"137","author":"O'Connor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"225","article-title":"Pain in multiple sclerosis: A biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"39","author":"Kerns","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.141","article-title":"Pain-free outcomes and durability of surgical intervention for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of gamma knife and microvascular decompression","volume":"112","author":"Mendelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106376","article-title":"Operative findings and outcome of microvascular decompression\/adhesiolysis for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis without demyelinating brainstem lesions","volume":"200","author":"Hatipoglu Majernik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0810-0","article-title":"A comprehensive review of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"59","article-title":"Classification of chronic pain. 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