{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:08:19Z","timestamp":1753891699778,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus is defined as the subjective perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus, and tinnitus disorder becomes relevant when it is associated with emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, and\/or autonomic arousal. Hearing loss is recognized as the main risk factor for the pathogenesis of tinnitus. However, clinical guidelines for tinnitus disorder provide little direction for those who have severe-to-profound hearing loss including those who are pre-lingually Deaf. The aim of this scoping review was to catalogue what is known from the existing literature regarding the experience and management of tinnitus in adults who have a severe-to-profound hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Records were included if they reported an evaluation of tinnitus in adults who had severe-to-profound hearing loss. The online databases Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO), CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the search terms \u2018tinnitus\u2019 (as a MESH term) and \u2018deaf\u2019 OR \u2018profound hearing loss. Thirty-five records met the inclusion criteria for this review and were cataloged according to three major themes: Impact of tinnitus in deaf adults; Primary treatment of tinnitus in deaf adults; and Cochlear implant studies where tinnitus was a secondary outcome. Tinnitus symptom severity was assessed before and after intervention using tinnitus validated questionnaires in 29 records, with six further records using other assessment tools to measure tinnitus severity. Participants using cochlear implants were included in 30 studies. Medication, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), electrical promontory stimulation, and behavioral self-control therapy were each reported in single records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review cataloged the experience, assessment, and treatment of tinnitus in adults who have severe-to-profound hearing loss. It is shown that there is very limited research reported in this field. Although this review included many records, most focused on the provision of cochlear implants for severe-to-profound hearing loss, with assessment and measurement of tinnitus as a baseline or secondary outcome. Largely missing in the literature are empirical studies that seek firstly to understand the nature of the experience of tinnitus by people with no or little residual access to external sound.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T06:24:05Z","timestamp":1666938245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experience of tinnitus in adults who have severe-to-profound hearing loss: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lama","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Salles","family":"Chamouton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e1ula","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Susan","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","author":"De Ridder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422[13]70160-1","article-title":"Tinnitus: causes and clinical management","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820957296","article-title":"Prevalence of tinnitus in an aging population and its relation to age and hearing loss","volume":"164","author":"Oosterloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0633-7","article-title":"A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: diagnostics, assessment, and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Cima","year":"2019","journal-title":"HNO."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Tinnitus: Assessment and Management, Evidence Reviews for Sound Therapy and Amplification Devices, NG155 Intervention Evidence Review2020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5935\/0946-5448.20180013","article-title":"Demographic variations in tinnitus subjects with and without hearing loss: A study of 175 subjects","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00192","article-title":"Results of an interdisciplinary day care approach for chronic tinnitus treatment: a prospective study introducing the jena interdisciplinary treatment for tinnitus","author":"Ivansic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews","volume":"13","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2010.07.001","article-title":"Ac\u00fafeno e implante coclear","volume":"61","author":"Palau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol. Esp."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199406000-00017","article-title":"Tinnitus suppression by electrical stimulation of the cochlear wall and by cochlear implantation","volume":"104","author":"Ito","year":"1994","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.17430\/904529","article-title":"Tinnitus severity in patients with cochlear implants","volume":"3","author":"Skarzynski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hear Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880120017004","article-title":"Tinnitus suppression following cochlear implantation: a multifactorial investigation","volume":"118","author":"Souliere","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00158","article-title":"Cochlear implantation of bilaterally deafened patients with tinnitus induces sustained decrease of tinnitus-related distress","volume":"8","author":"Knopke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22145","article-title":"Cochlear implantation has a positive influence on quality of life, tinnitus, and psychological comorbidity","volume":"121","author":"Olze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000341","article-title":"Tinnitus and sleep difficulties after cochlear implantation","volume":"37","author":"Pierzycki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701387173","article-title":"The effect of unilateral multichannel cochlear implant on bilaterally perceived tinnitus","volume":"128","author":"Quaranta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta oto-laryngologica."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(94)90064-7","article-title":"Suppression of tinnitus by cochlear implantation","volume":"15","author":"Ito","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22356","article-title":"Elderly patients benefit from cochlear implantation regarding auditory rehabilitation, quality of life, tinnitus, and stress","author":"Olze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"159","article-title":"The AllHear cochlear implant and tinnitus","volume":"4","author":"Fukuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323847","article-title":"The impact of cochlear implantation on tinnitus, stress and quality of life in postlingually deafened patients","author":"Olze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"35","article-title":"Electrical suppression of tinnitus via cochlear implants","volume":"3","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31825e799f","article-title":"Extra benefit of a second cochlear implant with respect to health-related quality of life and tinnitus","volume":"33","author":"Olze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","article-title":"Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory","volume":"122","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"166","article-title":"The tinnitus questionnaire. A standard instrument for grading the degree of tinnitus results of a multicenter study with the tinnitus questionnaire","volume":"42","author":"Goebel","year":"1994","journal-title":"HNO."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0","article-title":"The tinnitus functional index: development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus","volume":"33","author":"Meikle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00005","article-title":"The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Kuk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050077","article-title":"Rapid assessment of tinnitus-related psychological distress using the Mini-TQ","volume":"43","author":"Hiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200103000-00014","article-title":"Tinnitus suppression in patients with cochlear implants","volume":"22","author":"Ruckenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800414542700","article-title":"Tinnitus: a deafhearing phenomenon","volume":"21","author":"Wheeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Inq."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/16506078809455830","article-title":"Effects of self-control training on tinnitus in a deaf patient\u2014A case study","volume":"17","author":"Lindberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0352-7","article-title":"Tinnitus modifications after cochlear implantation","volume":"264","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2016.1172391","article-title":"Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients","volume":"55","author":"Greenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023","DOI":"10.23937\/2378-3656\/1410023","article-title":"Experimental USe of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to treat tinnitus in a deaf patient","volume":"2","author":"Theodoroff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med Rev Case Rep."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-018-0136-x","article-title":"Severe tinnitus in a patient with acquired deafness for over 50 years: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"100","article-title":"Transtympanic electrical stimulation for immediate and long-term tinnitus suppression","volume":"15","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021068","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021068","article-title":"Development and internal validation of a multivariable prediction model for tinnitus recovery following unilateral cochlear implantation: a cross-sectional retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Ramakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1024332","article-title":"Relationship between intracochlear electrode position and tinnitus in cochlear implantees","volume":"135","author":"Todt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"25","article-title":"Tinnitus in the profoundly hearing-impaired and the effects of cochlear implants","volume":"104","author":"Tyler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002481","article-title":"Predicting reduced tinnitus burden after cochlear implantation in adults","volume":"41","author":"Dixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000445164","article-title":"Prospective, multicenter study on tinnitus changes after cochlear implantation","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2193-2","article-title":"Tinnitus in patients with profound hearing loss and the effect of cochlear implantation","volume":"270","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25993","article-title":"Impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life and mental comorbidity in patients aged 80 years","volume":"126","author":"Knopke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25493","article-title":"Effect of unilateral and simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation on tinnitus: a prospective study","volume":"126","author":"van Zon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e563","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002590","article-title":"Binaural hearing rehabilitation improves speech perception, quality of life, tinnitus distress, and psychological comorbidities","volume":"41","author":"Ketterer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1939448","article-title":"Sustained reduction of tinnitus several years after sequential cochlear implantation","volume":"61","author":"R\u00f8dvik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415611907","article-title":"Suppression of tinnitus in Chinese patients receiving regular Cochlear implant programming","volume":"125","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000508137","article-title":"Effects of cochlear implantation on tinnitus and depression","volume":"82","author":"Sarac","year":"2020","journal-title":"ORL."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2009\/07-0042)","article-title":"Changes in the tinnitus handicap questionnaire after cochlear implantation","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Audiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000900","article-title":"Insomnia, Anxiety and depression in adult cochlear implant users with tinnitus","volume":"42","author":"Pierzycki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2020","article-title":"What's the buzz? The neuroscience and the treatment of tinnitus","volume":"101","author":"Henton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0300060521999549","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060521999549","article-title":"An updated meta-analysis: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating tinnitus","volume":"49","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.11.014","article-title":"Non-invasive neuromodulation for tinnitus: A meta-analysis and modeling studies","volume":"14","author":"Lefebvre-Demers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012614.pub2","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus","author":"Fuller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002472","article-title":"Systematic review and network meta-analysis of cognitive and\/or behavioral therapies (CBT) for tinnitus","volume":"41","author":"Landry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0042","article-title":"Tinnitus and hearing survey: a screening tool to differentiate bothersome tinnitus from hearing difficulties","volume":"24","author":"Henry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Audiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1670705","article-title":"Cochlear implant for children and adults with severe to profound with severe-to-profound hearing loss","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Hear."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2022.21470","article-title":"Worldwide Variation in Cochlear Implant Candidacy","volume":"18","author":"Van de Heyning","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05835-z","article-title":"Unification of Treatments and Interventions for Tinnitus Patients (UNITI): a study protocol for a multi-center randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Schoisswohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32616-3","article-title":"Top ten hyperacusis research priorities in the UK","volume":"393","author":"Fackrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01048-X","article-title":"Research priorities for mild-to-moderate hearing loss in adults","volume":"386","author":"Henshaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004059\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T06:24:16Z","timestamp":1666938256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004059\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1004059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"article-number":"1004059"}}