{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:14:46Z","timestamp":1770826486177,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain Sagging Dementia (BSD) is an increasingly recognized syndrome for which diagnostic criteria recently were proposed. There have been no reports on BSD caused by a cranial leak. Here we present the first report on a patient with BSD caused by a cranial leak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 60-year old male patient was admitted with a 2-year history of orthostatic headache and gradually progressive cognitive and behavioral changes. Traditional treatments for spontaneous intracranial hypotension, including repeated epidural blood patches, failed. Brain imaging showed severe brain sagging, and intracranial pressure monitoring demonstrated intracranial hypotension. No leakage site was found. His past medical history revealed an accident where a ski pole struck his head at age ten. Due to progressive clinical decline, surgery was pursued. A cranial defect with an accompanying cerebrospinal fluid leak site representing the trauma from his childhood was found and repaired. He also was in need of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Following surgery, he improved and recovered completely.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case report illustrates that a cranial leak may cause BSD, even with a \u201clucid interval\u201d between trauma and symptom debut spanning many years. Moreover, this report validates well the recently proposed BSD diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1006060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T06:32:40Z","timestamp":1664433160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The first report on brain sagging dementia caused by a cranial leak: A case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aslan","family":"Lashkarivand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per Kristian","family":"Eide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1546","article-title":"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"51","author":"Neary","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179","article-title":"Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"134","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200511","article-title":"Brain sagging dementia-diagnosis, treatment, and outcome: a review","volume":"98","author":"Lashkarivand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4799","article-title":"Clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"D'Antona","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147063","article-title":"Clinical application of intrathecal gadobutrol for assessment of cerebrospinal fluid tracer clearance to blood","volume":"6","author":"Eide","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.JNS151529","article-title":"The correlation between pulsatile intracranial pressure and indices of intracranial pressure-volume reserve capacity: results from ventricular infusion testing","volume":"125","author":"Eide","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182166e42","article-title":"Frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: an SIH-like presentation mimicking FTD","volume":"76","author":"Wicklund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327869.39403.82","article-title":"Hypoactive-hypoalert behavior (\u201cpsychic akinesia\u201d) in intracranial hypotension syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy029","article-title":"Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia as a serious complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"15","author":"Schievink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Operat. 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