{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:09:18Z","timestamp":1772024958025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease that frequently occurs in young women of childbearing age, with variable clinical presentation in regions with limited access to diagnostic imaging or specialized neurological care. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of studies on CVT in Latin America, which may contribute to a better epidemiological description of the disease in this region and, consequently, its early diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study aims to review the risk factors, clinical and radiological characteristics of CVT in Latin America, being critically compared with data from world literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, ScienceDirect, BVS, and Scopus were searched to identify studies reporting CVT in Latin American countries published up to July 2022. We excluded case reports and case series reporting &amp;lt;5 patients later in the final analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified a total of 3714 studies and 26 qualified for the quantitative analysis, which described 1486 cases of CVT. Headache was the most frequent symptom (82.1%) and the use of oral contraceptives in women was the main risk factor (46.7%). The transverse sinus was the most frequent location of the thrombus (52%). The treatment used most in the acute phase was heparin (88.5%) and oral anticoagulation was widely used at hospital discharge (67.8%). The mortality was low (6.5%), and most patients achieved complete recovery (75.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite considerable dissimilarities in studies between countries, particularities were identified in the risk factors of CVT in Latin America compared to other regions of the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1017565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T05:03:10Z","timestamp":1666933390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cerebral venous thrombosis in Latin America: A critical review of risk factors, clinical and radiological characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Marinheiro dos Santos","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmin da Silveira","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto","family":"Matos-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim Francisco","family":"Cavalcante-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keven Ferreira da","family":"Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Aguiar de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto Lacerda","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esp\u00e1rtaco Moraes Lima","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26","article-title":"Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the international study on cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (ISCVT)","volume":"35","author":"Ferro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3082-7","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis: continental disparities","volume":"38","author":"Maali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.020","article-title":"A Multicenter study of 1144 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: the VENOST study","volume":"26","author":"Duman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04774.x","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with cerebral vein thrombosis: a multicenter study: long term outcome of CVT patients","volume":"10","author":"Dentali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019939","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019939","article-title":"Global epidemiology and patterns of cerebral venous thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","volume":"8","author":"Danwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606350","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.606350","article-title":"Autoimmune Encephalitis in Latin America: A Critical Review","volume":"11","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105712","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Baduro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/2238-3182.20180138","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis: study of seven cases","author":"Rabello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d Min Gerais"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.08.1468","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis: clinical presentation in a Chilean cohort","volume":"357","author":"Trujillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"34","author":"Stevenazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Med Intern"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Epidemiolog\u00eda de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en el Hospital General de M\u00e9xico","author":"Nieto-de-Pascual","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Medica del Hosp Gen de Mex."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105145","article-title":"Trombose venosa cerebral na Argentina: apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica, fatores predisponentes, desfechos e revis\u00e3o da literatura","volume":"29","author":"Alet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"70","article-title":"Trombosis venosa cerebral, descripci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica de una serie de casos en adultos de Bogot\u00e1-Colombia: a case series from Bogot\u00e1","volume":"28","author":"Amaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Colomb."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3206.2000481","article-title":"Trombosis no infecciosa de los senos y venas cerebrales en adultos","volume":"32","author":"Andrade Machado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Presentaci\u00f3n de cinco casos Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.10.004","article-title":"Trombose venosa cerebral: influ\u00eancia de fatores de risco e achados de imagem no progn\u00f3stico","volume":"107","author":"Appenzeller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Cl"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00882","article-title":"Practical score for prediction of outcome after cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Barboza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.09.008","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis in a Caribbean population","volume":"172","author":"Bodez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1159\/000090932","article-title":"Arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis in children: a 12-year Argentinean registry","volume":"115","author":"Bonduel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000083247","article-title":"Ethnic differences in cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Camargo \u00c9CS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000300011","article-title":"Trombose de seios venosos cerebrais: Estudo de 15 casos e revis\u00e3o de literatura","volume":"56","author":"Christo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.24245\/mim.v34i3.1916","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis during puerperium","volume":"34","author":"Cruz-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Int Mex."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000081911","article-title":"Prothrombin 20210A and oral contraceptive use as risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Gadelha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4067\/S0370-41062018005000805","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas y radiol\u00f3gicas de una cohorte de ni\u00f1os con trombosis venosa intracraneal","volume":"89","author":"L\u00f3pez-Espejo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872005001100002","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas de la enfermedad cerebrovascular en un Servicio de Cuidados Intermedios Neurol\u00f3gicos, en Chile: An\u00e1lisis de 459 pacientes consecutivos","volume":"133","author":"Mellado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d Chile"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.10.040","article-title":"Haplotypes of TAFI gene and the risk of cerebral venous thrombosis - a case-control study","volume":"133","author":"Orikaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.04.008","article-title":"Risk factors associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism a2fter a first cerebral venous thrombosis event: a cohort study","volume":"178","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.01.001","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis in a mexican multicenter registry of acute cerebrovascular disease: the RENAMEVASC study","volume":"21","author":"Ruiz-Sandoval","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.51481\/amc.v43i4.76","article-title":"Trombosis de Senos Durales: Casuistica del Hospital Dr","volume":"43","author":"S\u00e1nchez Suen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rafael Acta M\u00e9d Costa."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"303","article-title":"Trombosis De Senos Venosos","volume":"15","author":"Sandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Experiencia En Un"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuarg.2021.01.003","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas, epidemiol\u00f3gicas, evoluci\u00f3n y tratamiento de una cohorte hospitalaria de pacientes con trombosis venosa cerebral en Argentina","volume":"13","author":"Saucedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Argent."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3604.2002287","article-title":"Trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales: descripci\u00f3n de las caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas, factores de riesgo y tratamiento en un hospital de Colombia","volume":"36","author":"Volcy-G\u00f3mez","year":"2003","journal-title":"RevNeurol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000918","article-title":"Presentation of acute childhood stroke in a tertiary pediatric emergency department","volume":"34","author":"Yock-Corrales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v35i2.2300","article-title":"Trombosis de senos venoso cerebrales: caracter\u00edsticas epidemiol\u00f3gicas, cl\u00ednicas imaginol\u00f3gicas y pron\u00f3stico","volume":"35","author":"Zuluaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomedica."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.06.005","article-title":"Asian study of cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"28","author":"Wasay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.3.563","article-title":"Racial variation in initial stroke severity","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000016049","article-title":"Hereditary thrombophilia in cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"10","author":"Weih","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.96388","article-title":"Risk factors, clinical profile, and long-term outcome of 428 patients of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis: insights from Nizam's Institute Venous Stroke Registry, Hyderabad, India","volume":"60","author":"Narayan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol India."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1130071","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1017565\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T18:50:01Z","timestamp":1672944601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1017565\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2022.1017565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1017565","relation":{"corrigendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1130071","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"article-number":"1017565"}}