{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T21:43:26Z","timestamp":1764020606243,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of three or more of the following signs and symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, exhaustion, irritability, sleeplessness, difficulties in concentrating, or memory problems, following a head injury is referred to as post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Even though post-concussion syndrome has not been studied in Ethiopia, the productive age group is frequently affected by health issues related to head trauma, which either directly or indirectly affect the growth of the nation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence and associated factors of post-concussion syndrome among patients with traumatic brain injury at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Hospital, Debre Tabor, North Central Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A successive sampling technique was used to conduct a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 405 traumatic brain injury patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Hospital from January 1, 2022, to May 30, 2022. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. The factors connected to post-concussion syndrome were found using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was determined by a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value of \u2264 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the data collection period, 405 cases in total were interviewed, with a 98% response rate. More than half (60.7%) of patients were married, with the majority of patients (39.8%) falling between the ages of 18 and 29. At least three post-concussion syndrome symptoms were present in 42.8% of subjects. A history of comorbidities, GCS levels of 8 or below, 9 to 12 at the time of presentation, brain neuroimaging findings, and having fair or poor social support were found to be substantially linked with PCS in multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 41.5% of study participants had at least three symptoms of PCS. The Glasgow coma scale level at the time of presentation, the reason for the injury, social support, and the site of the injury were all significantly associated with the occurrence of PCS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1056298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T05:06:41Z","timestamp":1669007201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of post-concussion syndrome and associated factors among patients with traumatic brain injury at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Hospital, North Central Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Assefa Agegnehu","family":"Teshome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gashaw Walle","family":"Ayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Getachew Yideg","family":"Yitbark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endeshaw Chekol","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misganaw Asmamaw","family":"Mengstie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdu","family":"Seid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalew Melkamu","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nega Dagnaw","family":"Baye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadeg Jemere","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agmas Wassie","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taklo Semineh","family":"Yazie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidist Hunegn","family":"Setargew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"year":"1992","key":"B1","article-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.41.2.95","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Rao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200004000-00003","article-title":"Diagnosis of mild head injury and the post-concussion syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Mittenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111921","article-title":"Post-concussion symptoms in complicated vs. uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury patients at three and six months post-injury: results from the CENTER-TBI study","volume":"8","author":"Voormolen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1999.0681","article-title":"The post-concussion syndrome after mild head trauma: is brain damage overdiagnosed?","volume":"7","author":"Margulies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Part 1 J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050902926309","article-title":"Post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury at 3 and 12 months post-injury: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Sigurdardottir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.434","article-title":"Predicting post-concussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents who present to the emergency department","volume":"167","author":"Babcock","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.974674","article-title":"A review of post-concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion","volume":"29","author":"Broshek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111433673","article-title":"Rehabilitation of concussion and post-concussion syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Leddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2011.558042","article-title":"Permanent post-concussion symptoms after mild head injury","volume":"25","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000165601.29047.ae","article-title":"Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Iverson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/026990599121692","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictors of post-concussive syndrome after minor head injury in an emergency population","volume":"13","author":"Bazarian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770808017X","article-title":"Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Bigler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0348","article-title":"Symptom frequency and persistence in the first year after traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study","volume":"39","author":"Machamer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0945-0","article-title":"Post-concussion syndrome among patients experiencing head injury attending emergency department of Hawassa University Comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Bedaso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe078235","article-title":"Disentangling mild traumatic brain injury and stress reactions","volume":"358","author":"Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"New England J Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31813444ea","article-title":"Controversies in the sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.9734\/JSRR\/2014\/9645","article-title":"The epidemiology of hospital-referred head injury in Northern Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Jasper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Res Rep."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1255779","article-title":"systematic literature review of psychotherapeutic treatment of prolonged symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Bergersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.510","article-title":"The Rivermead head injury follow up questionnaire: a study of a new rating scale and other measures to evaluate outcome after head injury","volume":"60","author":"Crawford","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811","article-title":"The Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability","volume":"242","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.52916\/jmrs224081","article-title":"Subconcussion, concussion, and cognitive decline: the impact of sports related collisions","volume":"3","author":"Dioso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Res Surgery."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13188\/2332-3469.1000037","article-title":"Examining the correlation between acute behavioral manifestations of concussion and the underlying pathophysiology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Psychol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061931","article-title":"Influence of sociodemographic, premorbid, and injury-related factors on post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Zeldovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050902748356","article-title":"Prevalence and structure of symptoms at 3 months after mild traumatic brain injury in a national cohort","volume":"23","author":"Lannsj\u00f6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Injury."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v24i1.4","article-title":"Head injury-a neglected public health problem: a four-month prospective study at Jimma University specialized hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"Aenderl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/OAS.S126043","article-title":"Magnitude and patterns of injuries among patients in Gondar University Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: an institutional-based study","volume":"10","author":"Ayele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Surgery."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12445","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic head injury from a major paediatric trauma centre in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"84","author":"Amaranath","year":"2014","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/816069","article-title":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a review","volume":"2022","author":"Saulle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rehabilitat Res Practice"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185367","article-title":"Head injury patterns in helmeted and non-helmeted cyclists admitted to a London Major Trauma Centre with serious head injury","volume":"12","author":"Forbes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1159\/000182821","article-title":"Epidemiological patterns of head injury in a newly established neurosurgical service: one-year prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Emejulu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1056298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T05:06:44Z","timestamp":1669007204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1056298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2022.1056298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1056298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"article-number":"1056298"}}