{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:45:23Z","timestamp":1790837123862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, the burden and severity of the full spectrum of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) symptoms has not yet been measured in a standardized manner. Since therapeutic interventions aiming to improve BVP symptoms are emerging, the need for a new standardized assessment tool that encompasses the specific aspects of BVP arises. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a multi-item Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) that captures the clinically important symptoms of BVP and assesses its impact on daily life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of the Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire (BVQ) consisted of two phases: (I) initial item generation and (II) face and content validity testing. Items were derived from a literature review and individual semi-structured interviews focusing on the full spectrum of reported BVP symptoms (I). Subsequently (IIa), individual patient interviews were conducted using \u201cthinking aloud\u201d and concurrent verbal probing techniques to assess the comprehensibility of the instructions, questions and response options, and the relevance, missing domains, or missing items. Interviews continued until saturation of input was reached. Finally, international experts with experience in the field of the physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms of BVP participated in an online focus group to assess the relevance and comprehensiveness of the BVQ (IIb).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BVQ consisted of two sections. The first section included 50 items scored on a six-point Likert scale arranged into seven constructs (i.e., imbalance, oscillopsia, other physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms, emotional symptoms, limitations and behavioral changes and social life). The second section consisted of four items, scored on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, to inquire about limitations in daily life, perceived health and expectations regarding future recovery. Interviews with BVP patients [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 8, 50% female, mean age 56 years (range 24\u201388 years)] and the expert meeting confirmed face and content validity of the developed BVQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BVQ, which was developed to assess the spectrum of BVP symptoms and its impact on daily life, proved to have good face and content validity. It can be used to characterize current self-reported symptoms and disability and to evaluate symptom burden before and after therapeutic interventions in future research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.852048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T06:42:31Z","timestamp":1647499351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development and Content Validity of the Bilateral Vestibulopathy Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"van Stiphout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israt","family":"Hossein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Kimman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrianna","family":"Ayiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Strupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Guinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"P\u00e9rez Fornos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josine","family":"Widdershoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Ramos-Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Van Rompaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"van de Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1354597","article-title":"Bilateral vestibular loss","volume":"33","author":"Hain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-170619","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy: diagnostic criteria consensus document of the classification Committee of the B\u00e1r\u00e1ny Society","volume":"27","author":"Strupp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vestib Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh617","article-title":"Vestibular loss causes hippocampal atrophy and impaired spatial memory in humans","volume":"128","author":"Brandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00139","article-title":"Beyond dizziness: virtual navigation, spatial anxiety and hippocampal volume in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"10","author":"Kremmyda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00352","article-title":"Full spectrum of reported symptoms of bilateral vestibulopathy needs further investigation-a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Lucieer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10243-5","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy: beyond imbalance and oscillopsia","volume":"267","author":"Lucieer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8386-7","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in patients with a chronic vestibular failure","volume":"264","author":"Popp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00340","article-title":"Cognitive function in acquired bilateral vestibulopathy: a cross-sectional study on cognition, hearing, and vestibular loss","volume":"13","author":"Dobbels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000679","article-title":"Impact of bilateral vestibulopathy on spatial and nonspatial cognition: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Dobbels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228768","article-title":"Prospective cohort study on the predictors of fall risk in 119 patients with bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"15","author":"Dobbels","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82427-6","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy causes selective deficits in recombining novel routes in real space","volume":"11","author":"Sch\u00f6berl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100708","article-title":"Quality of life of patients with bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"121","author":"Guinand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7367-y","article-title":"Health services utilization of patients with vertigo in primary care: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"261","author":"Grill","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-019-0258-2","article-title":"Economic burden of vertigo: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Kovacs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09386-x","article-title":"Vertigo and dizziness cause considerable more health care resource use and costs: results from the KORA FF4 study","volume":"266","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600606673","article-title":"Gentamicin ototoxicity: clinical features and the effect on the human vestibulo-ocular reflex","volume":"126","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0887-6","article-title":"Saccular function less affected than canal function in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"255","author":"Zingler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03765.x","article-title":"Causative factors, epidemiology, and follow-up of bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"1164","author":"Zingler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.07.012","article-title":"Cogan's syndrome: an autoimmune inner ear disease","volume":"12","author":"Greco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000283","article-title":"Focal sclerosis of semicircular canals with severe DFNA9 hearing impairment caused by a P51S COCH-mutation: is there a link?","volume":"35","author":"de Varebeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-140536","article-title":"CANVAS an update: clinical presentation, investigation and management","volume":"24","author":"Szmulewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vestib Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1159\/000433549","article-title":"Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Challenges in Establishing the Diagnosis in Adults","volume":"77","author":"van de Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00026","article-title":"Bilateral vestibular hypofunction: insights in etiologies, clinical subtypes, and diagnostics","volume":"7","author":"Lucieer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.05.005","article-title":"Disease-specific sparing of the anterior semicircular canals in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"127","author":"Tarnutzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489417691298","article-title":"The association between vestibular physical examination, vertigo questionnaires, and the electronystagmography in patients with vestibular symptoms: a prospective study","volume":"126","author":"Gofrit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8834-7","article-title":"The Dizziness handicap inventory does not correlate with vestibular function tests: a prospective study","volume":"265","author":"Yip","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748013","article-title":"Self-perceived balance disability\/handicap in the presence of bilateral peripheral vestibular system impairment","volume":"11","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.894629","article-title":"A multichannel semicircular canal neural prosthesis using electrical stimulation to restore 3-d vestibular sensation","volume":"54","author":"Della Santina","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000003","article-title":"Prosthetic implantation of the human vestibular system","volume":"35","author":"Golub","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000215","article-title":"Noisy vestibular stimulation improves body balance in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"82","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00066","article-title":"Artificial balance: restoration of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans with a prototype vestibular neuroprosthesis","volume":"5","author":"Perez Fornos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-170604","article-title":"The vestibular implant: a probe in orbit around the human balance system","volume":"27","author":"Perez Fornos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vestib Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2017.4216","article-title":"Vestibular response to electrical stimulation of the otolith organs. Implications in the development of a vestibular implant for the improvement of the sensation of gravitoinertial accelerations","volume":"13","author":"Ramos de Miguel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00900","article-title":"Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation sustainably improves posture in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"9","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.03.005","article-title":"Noisy vestibular stimulation increases gait speed in normals and in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"11","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000639","article-title":"Milestones in the development of a vestibular implant","volume":"32","author":"Guyot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9133-z","article-title":"Vibrotactile feedback improves balance and mobility in patients with severe bilateral vestibular loss","volume":"266","author":"Kingma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000503677","article-title":"Restoring the high-frequency dynamic visual acuity with a vestibular implant prototype in humans","volume":"25","author":"Starkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2020457","article-title":"Posture, gait, quality of life, and hearing with a vestibular implant","volume":"384","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2015.06.003","article-title":"Measuring effectiveness","volume":"54","author":"Stegenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud Hist Philos Sci C."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S156291","article-title":"PROMs data: can it be used to make decisions for individual patients? A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Field","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Relat Outcome Meas."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00225-5","article-title":"Evaluating the outcome of treatment. Shouldn't We be asking patients if they are better?","volume":"53","author":"Wright","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.06.022","article-title":"The use of patient reported outcome measures in routine clinical practice: lack of impact or lack of theory?","volume":"60","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2006.00650.x","article-title":"Impact of patient-reported outcome measures on routine practice: a structured review","volume":"12","author":"Marshall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10020253","article-title":"Toward a better understanding of patient-reported outcomes in clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Bitton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10920-z","article-title":"Bilateral vestibulopathy patients' perspectives on vestibular implant treatment: a qualitative study","author":"van Stiphout","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06881-8","article-title":"Driving ability in patients with dizziness: a systematic review","author":"Uwents","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"COSMIN Methodology for Assessing the Content Validity of PROMs\u2013User Manual","author":"Terwee","year":"2018"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01292","article-title":"What is going through your mind? Thinking aloud as a method in cross-cultural psychology","volume":"9","author":"G\u00fcss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3844\/jssp.2010.399.403","article-title":"Quality of psychology test between likert scale 5 and 6 points","volume":"6","author":"Chomeya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Soc Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990902774765","article-title":"Optimal recall periods for patient-reported outcomes: challenges and potential solutions","volume":"25","author":"Stull","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0003-8","article-title":"Choice of recall period for patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures: criteria for consideration","volume":"21","author":"Norquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7297.1297","article-title":"Measuring quality of life: Using quality of life measures in the clinical setting","volume":"322","author":"Higginson","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-211","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organisations in an oncologic setting","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0218-3","article-title":"How do doctors refer to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) in oncology consultations?","volume":"22","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.5948","article-title":"What is the value of the routine use of patient-reported outcome measures toward improvement of patient outcomes, processes of care, and health service outcomes in cancer care? A systematic review of controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Kotronoulas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0596-1","article-title":"Framework to assess the effects of using patient-reported outcome measures in chronic care management","volume":"23","author":"Santana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-018-0061-6","article-title":"How do patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) support clinician-patient communication and patient care? A realist synthesis","volume":"2","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7818","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7818","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures in practice","volume":"350","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0722-9","article-title":"Identification, description and appraisal of generic PROMs for primary care: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Murphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2014.011130","article-title":"Activities and adaptation in late-life depression: a qualitative study","volume":"68","author":"Leibold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S217","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00018","article-title":"Generic and disease-specific measures in assessing health status and quality of life","volume":"27","author":"Patrick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Care."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.852048\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T09:53:09Z","timestamp":1674985989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.852048\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2022.852048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.852048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"article-number":"852048"}}