{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:49:10Z","timestamp":1782913750646,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1AG054073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AG054073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to their low cost, less invasive nature, and ready availability, plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease have been proposed as one-time screening tools for clinical trials and research. The impact of ethnoracial factors on these biomarkers has received little attention. The current cross-sectional study investigated the levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>, A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>, total tau (t tau), and neurofilament light (NfL) across diagnoses for each of the three major ethnoracial groups in the United States in a community-based cohort of older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,862 participants (852 Mexican Americans (MAs); 775 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), and 235 African Americans (AAs)) drawn from The Health &amp;amp; Aging Brain Study\u2014Health Disparities (HABS-HD) study were included. Diagnoses were assigned using an algorithm (decision tree) verified by consensus review. Plasma samples were assayed using Simoa technology. Levels of each biomarker were compared for the three ethnoracial groups across cognitive diagnoses using ANOVA covarying sex and age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were found across the groups at each level of cognitive impairment. Cognitively unimpaired (CU) AA had significantly lower levels of each of the biomarkers than cognitively unimpaired MA or NHW and NHW had higher levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>, and NfL than the other two groups. MA had higher t tau than AA or NHW. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group NHW had the highest levels on all the biomarkers and AA had the lowest. NHW and MA have higher levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>, A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>, and t tau there was no difference between the groups for A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>. NHW had significantly higher levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>, t tau, and NfL than AA. AA had a higher A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\/A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub> ratio than either NHW or MA for CU MCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of plasma biomarkers of cognitive decline is promising given their advantages over other biomarkers such as CSF and imaging but as the current research shows, ethnoracial differences must be considered to enhance accuracy and utility. Developing ethnoracial-specific cut points and establishing normative ranges by assay platform for each of the biomarkers are needed. Longitudinal research to assess changes in biomarkers during a cognitive decline is ongoing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.871947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T15:48:18Z","timestamp":1660837698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Characterizing Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's in a Diverse Community-Based Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study of the HAB-HD Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"James R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sid E.","family":"O'Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013211","article-title":"Validation of plasma amyloid-\u03b2 42\/40 for detecting alzheimer disease amyloid plaques","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2028634","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.28634","article-title":"Assessment of plasma amyloid-\u03b242\/40and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"3","author":"Giudici","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25456","article-title":"High performance plasma amyloid-\u03b2 biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"554","author":"Nakamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12404","article-title":"Characterizing plasma NfL in a community-dwelling multi-ethnic cohort: results from the HABLE study","volume":"45","author":"O'Bryant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00944-y","article-title":"Comparison of plasma neurofilament light and total tau as neurodegeneration markers: associations with cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Marks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res Therapy."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00275-w","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12382","article-title":"A blood screening tool for alzheimer's disease among community-dwelling mexican americans and non-hispanic whites: a method for increasing representation of diverse populations in research and trails","volume":"18","author":"O'Bryant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.014","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: current state of the science and a novel collaborative paradigm for advancing from discovery to clinic","volume":"13","author":"O'Bryant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Demen. 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