{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:36:00Z","timestamp":1790732160153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) carries risks for language function that can significantly affect the quality of life. Predicting the risks of decline in language functions before surgery is, consequently, just as important as predicting the chances of becoming seizure-free. The intracarotid amobarbital test, generally known as the Wada test (WT), has been traditionally used to determine language lateralization and to estimate their potential decline after surgery. However, the test is invasive and it does not localize the language functions. Therefore, other noninvasive methods have been proposed, of which functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) has the greatest potential. Functional MRI allows localization of language areas. It has good concordance with the WT for language lateralization, and it is of predictive value for postsurgical naming outcomes. Consequently, fMRI has progressively replaced WT for presurgical language evaluation. The objective of this manuscript is to review the most relevant aspects of language functions in TLE and the current role of fMRI and WT in the presurgical evaluation of language. First, we will provide context by revising the language network distribution and the effects of TLE on them. Then, we will assess the functional outcomes following various forms of TLE surgery and measures to reduce postoperative language decline. Finally, we will discuss the current indications for WT and fMRI and the potential usefulness of the resting-state fMRI technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.884730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T10:08:10Z","timestamp":1664532490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Roles of fMRI and Wada tests in the presurgical evaluation of language functions in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andreu","family":"Massot-Tarr\u00fas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed M.","family":"Mirsattari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.5604.2012661","article-title":"Temporal epilepsy: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects","volume":"56","author":"T\u00e9llez-Zenteno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00225-2","article-title":"Comorbidities of epilepsy: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Keezer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01625.x","article-title":"Use of preoperative functional MRI to predict verbal memory decline after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery","volume":"49","author":"Binder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/198183","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging for language mapping in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"2012","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res Treat."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0763-9","article-title":"Comparing the intracarotid amobarbital test and functional MRI for the presurgical evaluation of language in epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Massot-Tarr\u00fas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001461","article-title":"Memory fMRI predicts verbal memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection","volume":"84","author":"Sidhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091079","article-title":"Functional MR imaging or wada test: Which is the better predictor of individual postoperative memory outcome?","volume":"255","author":"Dupont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305659","article-title":"Can fMRI safely replace the Wada test for preoperative assessment of language lateralisation? 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