{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:42:55Z","timestamp":1789764175312,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While significant efforts have been made in developing pre-clinical treatments for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), many challenges still remain to bring children with NCLs a cure. Devising effective therapeutic strategies for the NCLs will require a better understanding of pathophysiology, but little is known about the mechanisms by which loss of lysosomal proteins causes such devastating neurodegeneration. Research into glial cells including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes have revealed many of their critical functions in brain homeostasis and potential contributions to neurodegenerative diseases. Genetically modified mouse models have served as a useful platform to define the disease progression in the central nervous system across NCL subtypes, revealing a wide range of glial responses to disease. The emerging evidence of glial dysfunction questions the traditional \u201cneuron-centric\u201d view of NCLs, and would suggest that directly targeting glia in addition to neurons could lead to better therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes the most up-to-date understanding of glial pathologies and their contribution to the pathogenesis of NCLs, and highlights some of the associated challenges that require further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.886567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T02:28:14Z","timestamp":1649039294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Glial Dysfunction and Its Contribution to the Pathogenesis of the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Keigo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemanth R.","family":"Nelvagal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2014.08.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders; Challenges of screening","volume":"29","author":"Kingma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.05.011","article-title":"Genetics of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease)","volume":"1852","author":"Mole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30368-5","article-title":"Clinical challenges and future therapeutic approaches for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"18","author":"Mole","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5920","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701832114","article-title":"Synergistic effects of treating the spinal cord and brain in CLN1 disease","volume":"114","author":"Shyng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.02.010","article-title":"Regional and cellular neuropathology in the palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 null mutant mouse model of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"16","author":"Bible","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12658","article-title":"Spinal manifestations of CLN1 disease start during the early postnatal period","volume":"47","author":"Nelvagal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.09.001","article-title":"Successive neuron loss in the thalamus and cortex in a mouse model of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"25","author":"Kielar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.08.013","article-title":"Mice with Ppt1 \u0394ex4 mutation replicate the INCL phenotype and show an inflammation-associated loss of interneurons","volume":"18","author":"Jalanko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.144","article-title":"Mukherjee AB. 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