{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:20:07Z","timestamp":1787026807824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Selective therapeutic hypothermia in the setting of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is promising to further improve the outcomes of large vessel occlusion stroke. A significant limitation in applying hypothermia in this setting is the lack of real-time non-invasive brain temperature monitoring mechanism. Non-invasive brain temperature monitoring would provide important information regarding the brain temperature changes during cooling, and the factors that might influence any fluctuations. This review aims to provide appraisal of brain temperature changes during stroke, and the currently available non-invasive modalities of brain temperature measurement that have been developed and tested over the past 20 years. We cover modalities including magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI), radiometric thermometry, and microwave radiometry, and the evidence for their accuracy from human and animal studies. We also evaluate the feasibility of using these modalities in the acute stroke setting and potential ways for incorporating brain temperature monitoring in the stroke workflow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.889214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1659661631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Non-invasive Brain Temperature Measurement in Acute Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"MacKenzie","family":"Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William K","family":"Diprose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Pichardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Demchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Almekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials","volume":"387","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.20","article-title":"Ten-year trends in stroke admissions and outcomes in Canada","volume":"42","author":"Kamal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00266-7","article-title":"Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century","volume":"2","author":"Feigin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Pathophys.2009.12.001","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke: an overview with emphasis on therapeutic significance beyond thrombolysis","volume":"17","author":"Deb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pathophysiology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707530","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Ischaemic stroke: insights from imaging, and implications for therapy and drug discovery: pathophysiology of Ischaemic stroke","volume":"153","author":"Moustafa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60584-5","article-title":"Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials","volume":"384","author":"Emberson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Neuropharm.2017.08.025","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia for ischemic stroke; 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