{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T13:20:55Z","timestamp":1782134455641,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the feasibility of a matching-pair test using eye-tracking technology to assess nusinersen effectiveness in patients with advanced spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with 5q-SMA type I who had lost gross motor function. Three different levels of matching-pair tests were conducted using the eye-gaze system (My Tobii; TobiiDynavox Inc.) at baseline, and after 9 and 24 weeks of nusinersen treatment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in matching-pair test scores and response times (i.e., the time to answer matching-pair test) at 24 weeks from baseline. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND), Pediatric Quality of Life inventory for patients with Neuromuscular Disease (PedsQL-NM) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores were also assessed as secondary endpoints. Analysis of ocular fixation was performed as an additional analysis. This study was registered at <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.umin.ac.jp\/ctr\/<\/jats:ext-link> (UMIN000033935).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven patients (one male, six female) aged 5\u201321 years (median 11 years) were enrolled; all patients were bedridden and six patients were ventilated. All seven patients were able to conduct level 1 matching-pair tests at each assessment; five patients were also able to conduct levels 2 and 3. Two patients (those with the highest CHOP-INTEND scores) were able to complete all tests correctly within 60 s. There was a non-significant trend toward improvement in CHOP-INTEND, PedsQL-NM, and NRS scores over the 6-month period. There were no significant differences in the number of actions, errors, correct answers, or response times between baseline and Week 9 or 24 at any level. However, the result of an additional analysis suggests that detection of eye movement would be useful to evaluate for advanced SMA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eye-tracking systems are possibly feasible for the assessment of treatment efficacy in patients with advanced SMA type I.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.918255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T13:40:15Z","timestamp":1664545215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploratory evaluation of an eye-tracking system in patients with advanced spinal muscular atrophy type I receiving 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