{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:40:53Z","timestamp":1787992853021,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly women, and physical therapy has gradually become the mainstream treatment of UI. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVES) in the treatment of UI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2006 to December 2021, we finally selected nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 657 participants from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to evaluate the efficacy of IVES in the treatment of female UI. Continuous data were represented by mean difference and 95% CI, while dichotomous data were represented by odds ratio and 95% CI. All the data were analyzed by the Review Manager Version 5.4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the control group, there were significant improvements in urine pad test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), urinary incontinence frequency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), some indicators in the incontinence quality of life questionnaire and King's health questionnaires, and subjective feeling of cure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) in the IVES group. However, in other indicators reflecting UI, there was no significant difference between the IVES group and the control group. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that IVES and IVES combined with training could significantly reduce the weight of the urine pad, which reflected the improvement of urine leakage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta-analysis proved that IVES can partially improve the symptoms of female patients with UI compared with the control group. However, it still needs to be further evaluated through more high-quality research in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.933679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T09:42:04Z","timestamp":1663062124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The efficacy of intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVES) in treating female with urinary incontinence symptom from meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled 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