{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:32:03Z","timestamp":1787797923628,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Debilitating hearing loss (HL) affects ~6% of the human population. Only 20% of the people in need of a hearing assistive device will eventually seek and acquire one. The number of people that are satisfied with their Hearing Aids (HAids) and continue using them in the long term is even lower. Understanding the personal, behavioral, environmental, or other factors that correlate with the optimal HAid fitting and with users' experience of HAids is a significant step in improving patient satisfaction and quality of life, while reducing societal and financial burden. In SMART BEAR we are addressing this need by making use of the capacity of modern HAids to provide dynamic logging of their operation and by combining this information with a big amount of information about the medical, environmental, and social context of each HAid user. We are studying hearing rehabilitation through a 12-month continuous monitoring of HL patients, collecting data, such as participants' demographics, audiometric and medical data, their cognitive and mental status, their habits, and preferences, through a set of medical devices and wearables, as well as through face-to-face and remote clinical assessments and fitting\/fine-tuning sessions. Descriptive, AI-based analysis and assessment of the relationships between heterogeneous data and HL-related parameters will help clinical researchers to better understand the overall health profiles of HL patients, and to identify patterns or relations that may be proven essential for future clinical trials. In addition, the future state and behavioral (e.g., HAids Satisfiability and HAids usage) of the patients will be predicted with time-dependent machine learning models to assist the clinical researchers to decide on the nature of the interventions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques will be leveraged to better understand the factors that play a significant role in the success of a hearing rehabilitation program, constructing patient profiles. This paper is a conceptual one aiming to describe the upcoming data collection process and proposed framework for providing a comprehensive profile for patients with HL in the context of EU-funded SMART BEAR project. Such patient profiles can be invaluable in HL treatment as they can help to identify the characteristics making patients more prone to drop out and stop using their HAids, using their HAids sufficiently long during the day, and being more satisfied by their HAids experience. They can also help decrease the number of needed remote sessions with their Audiologist for counseling, and\/or HAids fine tuning, or the number of manual changes of HAids program (as indication of poor sound quality and bad adaptation of HAids configuration to patients' real needs and daily challenges), leading to reduced healthcare cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.933940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T04:26:50Z","timestamp":1661488010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Profiling hearing aid users through big data explainable artificial intelligence techniques"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Iliadou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kikidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanos","family":"Bibas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Kloukinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Evaluation of the social and economic costs of hearing impairment1202\n            ShieldB\n          22256793Hear-It AISBL.2006"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024238","article-title":"Hearing loss and cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119616","article-title":"Hearing loss and cognition: the role of hearing aids, social isolation and depression","volume":"10","author":"Dawes","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.10.006","article-title":"Hearing loss and gait speed among older adults in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.01.016","article-title":"Otolaryngology and the global burden of disease","volume":"51","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Vos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.769066","article-title":"Why do people fitted with hearing aids not wear them?","volume":"52","author":"McCormack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Audiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000980","article-title":"Electronic health records as a platform for audiological research: data validity, patient characteristics, and hearing-aid use persistence among 731,213 U","volume":"42","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00004","article-title":"The hearing handicap inventory for adults","volume":"11","author":"Newman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020500429484","article-title":"Linear and nonlinear hearing aid fittings \u2013 2. 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