{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:51:50Z","timestamp":1789051910755,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies directed against the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. Perturbation of gut microbiota is thought to contribute to the development of MG, as reflected by fecal metabolomic signatures in humans, but there have been few studies on the relationship between oral microbiota profile and MG. The current study evaluated the correlation between oral microbiota composition and diversity and anti-acetylcholinereceptor (AChR) antibody\u2013positive MG by comparing oral microbiota communities of patients <jats:italic>(n<\/jats:italic> = 20) and healthy controls (HCs; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Principal coordinate analysis and Adonis analysis revealed significant differences in oral microflora profile between the twogroups. Compared to HCs, the abundance of the phyla <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> and genera <jats:italic>Streptococcus, Rothia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lachnoanerobaculum<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased whereas that of phyla <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Spirochaetota<\/jats:italic>and genera <jats:italic>Neisseria, Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic> was significantly decreased in MG patients. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the biosynthesis of ansamycins and amino acid metabolism pathways were altered in MG. These results indicate that oral microbiota composition is perturbed in patients with anti-AChR antibody\u2013positive MG, providing new potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.938360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T07:46:15Z","timestamp":1657179975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral Microbiota Profile in a Group of Anti-AChR Antibody\u2013Positive Myasthenia Gravis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01783","article-title":"Circadian host-microbiome interactions in immunity","volume":"11","author":"Butler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa079","article-title":"Gut microbiota and systemic immunity in health and disease","volume":"33","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785040","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.785040","article-title":"Effect of fufang huangqi decoction on the gut microbiota in patients with class I or II myasthenia gravis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02627","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota in myasthenia gravis","volume":"9","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564579","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.564579","article-title":"Differential gut microbiota and fecal metabolites related with the clinical subtypes of myasthenia gravis","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081376","article-title":"Oral microbiota: A major player in the diagnosis of systemic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.10.011","article-title":"Oral, nasal, and gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease","volume":"480","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084211","article-title":"Oral microbiota changes in elderly patients, an indicator of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1933840","article-title":"A 16S rRNA gene sequencing based study of oral microbiota in migraine patients in China","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e260384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260384","article-title":"Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"16","author":"Zangeneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901441","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901441","article-title":"Perturbed microbial ecology in myasthenia gravis: Evidence from the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02949","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of bifidobacterium administration on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats","volume":"10","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.03.003","article-title":"CD4(+). 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