{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:06:27Z","timestamp":1753891587584,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report two different presentations of migraine with the olfactory hallucinations. A case with the typical hallucinatory olfactory symptoms preceding migraine headaches and another case with longstanding olfactory hallucinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine prevails in about 12% of the general population, with the migraine aura accountable for at least one-third of these cases. The most common aura is the visual aura, followed by the sensory aura, speech, and motor auras. Olfactory hallucinations preceding the headache phase of migraine are rare. To date, the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) has not recognized them as a subset of migraine aura.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report presents a patient with a typical Phantosmia (PO) aura before her migraine headache and a patient who experiences a longstanding PO aura.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The olfactory hallucination may present differently in patients with migraine disease. Based on the clinical significance of migraine with olfactory hallucinations, we propose that the ICHD classify this phenomenon as a subtype of aura in the future. However, larger studies are still required to better assess the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.992763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:32:56Z","timestamp":1668407576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Various presentations of the olfactory hallucination in two patients with migraine disease: Case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Omeed","family":"Partovi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Soheil","family":"Tolebeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00950","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.950","article-title":"What is the actual prevalence of migraine?","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-01037-3","article-title":"Migraine aura: updates in pathophysiology and management","volume":"20","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0725-1","article-title":"Current aura without headache","volume":"22","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.03.006","article-title":"Non-sinonasal-related olfactory dysfunction: a cohort of 496 patients","volume":"131","author":"Fonteyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505233122116","article-title":"Olfactory aura in migraine","volume":"312","author":"Diamond","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjx006","article-title":"Phantom smells: prevalence and correlates in a population-based sample of older adults","volume":"42","author":"Sj\u00f6lund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Senses."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.12.1688","article-title":"Migrainous olfactory hallucinations","volume":"50","author":"Fuller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416630580","article-title":"Scent of aura? Clinical features of olfactory hallucinations during a migraine attack (Ohm)","volume":"37","author":"Mainardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0735-z","article-title":"Episodic migraine with and without aura: key differences and implications for pathophysiology, management, assessing risks","volume":"22","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14014","article-title":"Migraine with exclusive olfactory aura: case report and literature review","volume":"60","author":"Tiriticco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Headache."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.992763\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1668407578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.992763\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2022.992763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.992763","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"article-number":"992763"}}