{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:24:36Z","timestamp":1791901476271,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronary calcium score (CAC) measured on chest computerized tomography is a risk marker of cardiac events and mortality. We compared CAC scores in two multiethnic groups without symptomatic coronary artery disease: subjects in the chronic phase after stroke or transient ischemic attack and at least one symptomatic stenosis \u226550% in the carotid or vertebrobasilar territories (Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub>) and a control group (Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub> included two subgroups: Group<jats:sub>ExtraorIntra<\/jats:sub>, with stenoses in either cervical <jats:italic>or<\/jats:italic> intracranial arteries, and Group<jats:sub>Extra&amp;amp;Intra<\/jats:sub>, with stenoses in at least one cervical and one intracranial artery. Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub> had no history of prior stroke\/transient ischemic attacks and no stenoses \u226550% in cervical or intracranial arteries. Age and sex were comparable in all groups. Frequencies of CAC \u2265100 and CAC &amp;gt; 0 were compared between Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub> and Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>, as well as between Group<jats:sub>ExtraorIntr<\/jats:sub>, Group<jats:sub>Extra&amp;amp;Intra<\/jats:sub>, and Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>, with bivariate logistic regressions. Multivariate analyses were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 120 patients were included: 80 in Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub> and 40 in Group<jats:sub>control.<\/jats:sub> CAC &amp;gt;0 was significantly more frequent in Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub> (85%) than Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub> (OR, 4.19; 1.74\u201310.07; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Rates of CAC \u2265100 were not significantly different between Group<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub> and Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub> but were significantly greater in Group<jats:sub>Extra&amp;amp;Intra<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13) when compared to Group<jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub> (OR 4.67; 1.21\u201318.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.025). In multivariate-adjusted analyses, \u201cGroup<jats:sub>athero<\/jats:sub>\u201d and \u201cGroup<jats:sub>Extra&amp;amp;Intra<\/jats:sub>\u201d were significantly associated with CAC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of coronary calcification was higher in subjects with stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis than in controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1082275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T04:54:10Z","timestamp":1681275250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ischemic stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis: a red flag for subclinical coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edza Vieira","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul D.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Sommer","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Roberto Nery","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Andr\u00e9","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Higa","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Bor-Seng-Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo de Lima","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia da Costa","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria da Gra\u00e7a Morais","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maramelia Miranda","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Sampaio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Marinho","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Bastos","family":"Conforto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.064","article-title":"Pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes","volume":"61","author":"Crea","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098524","article-title":"Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke","volume":"32","author":"Grau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70310-7","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct","volume":"13","author":"Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150081","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of ischemic stroke subtypes in Joinville, Brazil: a population-based study","volume":"73","author":"Lange","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. 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