{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:07:05Z","timestamp":1791914825365,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) can cause great panic in patients. Whether it is advantageous to add intravenous batroxobin in the treatment of SSNHL remains to be determined. This study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy of therapy combined with intravenous batroxobin and that without intravenous batroxobin in SSNHL patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study harvested the data of SSNHL patients hospitalized in our department from January 2008 to April 2021. The hearing levels on the admitted day (before treatment) and the discharge day were considered pre-treatment hearing and post-treatment hearing, respectively. The hearing gain was the difference value of pre-treatment hearing and post-treatment hearing. We used Siegel's criteria and the Chinese Medical Association of Otolaryngology (CMAO) criteria to evaluate hearing recovery. The complete recovery rate, overall effective rate, and hearing gain at each frequency were considered outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance the baseline characteristics between the batroxobin group and the non-batroxobin group. Sensitivity analysis was carried out in flat-type and total-deafness SSNHL patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, 657 patients with SSNHL were admitted to our department. Among them, a total of 274 patients met the enrolled criteria of our study. After PSM, 162 patients (81 in each group) were included in the analysis. Once the hospitalized treatment was completed, the patients would be discharged the next day. Logistic regression analysis of the propensity score-matched cohort indicated that both the complete recovery rates [Siegel's criteria, OR: 0.734, 95% CI: 0.368\u20131.466, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.381; CMAO criteria, OR: 0.879, 95% CI: 0.435\u20131.777, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.720] and the overall effective rates [Siegel's criteria and CMAO criteria, OR: 0.741, 95% CI: 0.399\u20131.378, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.344] were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Sensitivity analysis has shown similar results. For flat-type and total-deafness SSNHL patients, no significant difference was found in post-treatment hearing gain at each frequency between the two groups after PSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant difference in short-term hearing outcomes between treatment with batroxobin and treatment without batroxobin in SSNHL patients by Siegel's and CMAO criteria after PSM. Future studies for better therapy regimens of SSNHL are still needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1102297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:54:33Z","timestamp":1681710873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Short-term effects of intravenous batroxobin in treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a propensity score-matched study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mengzhu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chufeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819859885","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: sudden hearing loss (update)","volume":"161","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273721","article-title":"Die aktuell gefasste Leitlinie \u201cH\u00f6rsturz\u201d (Akuter idiopathischer sensorineuraler H\u00f6rverlust) [The revised version of the german guidelines \u201csudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss\u201d]","volume":"90","author":"Michel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20873","article-title":"Systematic review of the evidence for the etiology of adult sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"120","author":"Chau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12780","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction affects the development and prognosis of sudden idiopathic hearing loss","volume":"42","author":"Ko\u00e7ak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.3144","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome with sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"144","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170605091546","article-title":"Snake venom: from deadly toxins to life-saving therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Waheed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1104723","article-title":"Prognostic predictors of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in defibrinogenation therapy","volume":"136","author":"Oya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/0036554021000028082","article-title":"Defibrinogenation therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in comparison with high-dose steroid therapy","volume":"123","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(82)90225-2","article-title":"Thrombin-like snake venom proteinases","volume":"20","author":"Stocker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicon."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199700543-00005","article-title":"Defibrinogenating enzymes","volume":"54","author":"Bell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-011-9314-1","article-title":"Effect of retreatment on the end-stage sudden deafness","volume":"62","author":"Suoqiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"443","article-title":"Guideline of diagnosis and treatment of sudden deafness","volume":"50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2019.1592221","article-title":"Efficacy of intratympanic corticosteroid, intravenous batroxobin and combined treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss with type-2 diabetes","volume":"139","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)32783-3","article-title":"The treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"8","author":"Siegel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1671-2","article-title":"Unbalanced oxidative status in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"269","author":"Capaccio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"636","article-title":"Cochlear ischemia induced by circulating iron particles under magnetic control: an animal model for sudden hearing loss","volume":"21","author":"Schweinfurth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Otol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178990","article-title":"Cochlear blood flow following temporary occlusion of the cerebellar arteries","volume":"247","author":"Randolf","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29237","article-title":"Risk of stroke and myocardial infarction after sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Lammers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23837","article-title":"Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is correlated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study","volume":"123","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.519090","article-title":"Sudden sensorineural hearing loss increases the risk of stroke: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489209137500","article-title":"The effect of batroxobin on cochlear blood flow","volume":"112","author":"Kawakami","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309126213","article-title":"Hearing recovery in sudden deafness patients using a modified defibrinogenation therapy","volume":"501","author":"Shiraishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318170b650","article-title":"Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in sudden hearing loss","volume":"29","author":"Quaranta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810394324","article-title":"The role of soluble adhesion molecules and cytokines in sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"144","author":"Haubner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798569","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.798569","article-title":"Association between the number of intratympanic steroid injections and hearing recovery in sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820965240","article-title":"Coagulation states in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss evaluated by thrombo elastography","volume":"164","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2017.21.1.9","article-title":"Prognostic factors for recovery from sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Audiol Otol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000185071.35328.6d","article-title":"Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is not an otologic emergency","volume":"26","author":"Huy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.09.018","article-title":"Audiometric patterns and prognosis in sudden sensorineural hearing loss in southern Taiwan","volume":"133","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002352","article-title":"The influence of metabolic syndrome on the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.2685","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"148","author":"Joshua","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1260157","article-title":"A comparison between systemic and intratympanic steroid therapies as initial therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis","volume":"137","author":"Qiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860180063031","article-title":"Efficacy of defibrinogenation and steroid therapies on sudden deafness","volume":"114","author":"Kubo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"379","article-title":"Multi-center study on the treatment of sudden total deafness","volume":"48","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02449","article-title":"Propensity score matching for bias reduction in genomic profiling","volume":"40","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1102297\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:54:38Z","timestamp":1681710878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1102297\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2023.1102297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1102297","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"article-number":"1102297"}}