{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:21:03Z","timestamp":1787862063983,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant number of\n                      <jats:italic>Restitution Training<\/jats:italic>\n                      (RT) paradigms claim to ameliorate visual field loss after stroke by re-activating neuronal connections in the residual visual cortex due to repeated bright light-stimulation at the border of the blind and intact fields. However, the effectiveness of RT has been considered controversial both in science and clinical practice for years. The main points of the controversy are (1) the reliability of perimetric results which may be affected by compensatory eye movements and (2) heterogeneous samples consisting of patients with visual field defects and\/or visuospatial neglect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      By means of our newly developed and validated Virtual Reality goggles\n                      <jats:italic>Salzburg Visual Field Trainer<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SVFT) 16 stroke patients performed RT on a regular basis for 5 \u2009months. By means of our newly developed and validated\n                      <jats:italic>Eye Tracking Based Visual Field Analysis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (EFA), we conducted a first-time full eye-movement-controlled perimetric pre-post intervention study. Additionally, patients subjectively rated the size of their intact visual field.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Analysis showed that patients\u2019 mean self-assessment of their\n                      <jats:italic>subjective<\/jats:italic>\n                      visual field size indicated statistically significant improvement while, in contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>objective<\/jats:italic>\n                      eye tracking controlled perimetric results revealed\n                      <jats:italic>no<\/jats:italic>\n                      statistically significant effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bright-light detection RT at the blind-field border solely induced a placebo effect and did not lead to training-induced neuroplasticity in the visual cortex of the type needed to ameliorate the visual field size of stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1114718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:45:53Z","timestamp":1688017553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Placebo effect after visual restitution training: no eye-tracking controlled perimetric improvement after visual border stimulation in late subacute and chronic visual field defects after stroke"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michael Christian","family":"Leitner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja-Maria","family":"Ladek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Hutzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Reitsamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hawelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmhi.2015.12.001","article-title":"Enhancing visual performance in individuals with cortical visual impairment (homonymous hemianopsia): tapping into blindsight","volume":"9","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Hypotheses Ideas"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.088799","article-title":"Traumatic homonymous hemianopia","volume":"77","author":"Bruce","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58505-1_11","article-title":"Treating Neurovisual deficits and spatial neglect","volume-title":"Clinical pathways in stroke rehabilitation. Evidence-based clinical practice recommendations","author":"Kerkhoff","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203913.12088.93","article-title":"Homonymous hemianopias: clinical-anatomical correlations in 904 cases","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"255","article-title":"Restorative and compensatory therapy approaches in cerebral blindness a review","volume":"15","author":"Kerkhoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neuros"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s59452","article-title":"Homonymous hemianopia: challenges and solutions","volume":"8","author":"Goodwin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.9.1022","article-title":"Relationship between visual field defect and arterial occlusion in the posterior cerebral circulation","volume":"37","author":"Kaul","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosur Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"525","article-title":"Disorders of higher cortical function","volume-title":"Neurobiology of brain disorders. Biological basis of neurological and psychiatric disorders","author":"Berti","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001115","article-title":"Spatial neglect","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.10.010","article-title":"Prevalence of spatial neglect post-stroke: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Esposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0940-0","article-title":"Update on the clinical approach to spatial neglect","volume":"19","author":"Barrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00032-9","article-title":"Spatial cognition: evidence from visual neglect","volume":"7","author":"Halligan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.01.004","article-title":"Attention and spatial cognition: neural and anatomical substrates of visual neglect","volume":"60","author":"Lunven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1213","article-title":"Parietal somatosensory association cortex mediates affective blindsight","volume":"7","author":"Anders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.05.007","article-title":"From affective blindsight to emotional consciousness","volume":"36","author":"Celeghin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000254","article-title":"Blindsight is qualitatively degraded conscious vision","volume":"128","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg106","article-title":"Training-induced recovery of visual motion perception after Extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat","volume":"14","author":"Huxlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cere Cortex"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01996.x","article-title":"Activity-dependent receptive field changes in the surround of adult cat visual cortex lesions","volume":"15","author":"Schweigart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4882-08.2009","article-title":"Perceptual relearning of complex visual motion after V1 damage in humans","volume":"29","author":"Huxlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1076-14.2014","article-title":"Beyond Blindsight: properties of visual relearning in cortically blind fields","volume":"34","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr2105-400","article-title":"Visual daily functioning of chronic stroke patients assessed by goal attainment scaling after visual restorative training: an explorative study","volume":"21","author":"Bergsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53355-5.00013-0","article-title":"Vision restoration after brain and retina damage: the \u201cresidual vision activation theory\u201d","volume":"192","author":"Sabel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/568354","article-title":"Plasticity in the human visual cortex: an ophthalmology-based perspective","volume":"2013","author":"Rosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-139019","article-title":"Local topographic influences on vision restoration hot spots after brain damage","volume":"31","author":"Sabel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neuros"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510362323","article-title":"Visual field expansion after visual restoration therapy","volume":"24","author":"Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26345-1","article-title":"Spared perilesional V1 activity underlies training-induced recovery of luminance detection sensitivity in cortically-blind patients","volume":"12","author":"Barbot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00681","article-title":"Segregation of spontaneous and training induced recovery from visual field defects in subacute stroke patients","volume":"8","author":"Bergsma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"563","article-title":"Recovery of visual field defects: a large clinical observational study using vision restoration therapy","volume":"25","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neuros"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00022","article-title":"A matter of time: improvement of visual temporal processing during training-induced restoration of light detection performance","volume":"6","author":"Poggel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.06.026","article-title":"Visual field changes after a rehabilitation intervention: vision restoration therapy","volume":"273","author":"Romano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.068163","article-title":"Vision restoration therapy","volume":"89","author":"Sabel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/16.9.11","article-title":"Visual field restorative rehabilitation after brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Matteo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vision"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/icu.0b013e328010852e","article-title":"Capturing the benefit of vision restoration therapy","volume":"17","author":"Glisson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.058214","article-title":"Disappointing results from Nova Vision\u2019s visual restoration therapy","volume":"89","author":"Horton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311425927","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing 2 interventions for visual field loss with standard occupational therapy during inpatient stroke rehabilitation","volume":"26","author":"M\u00f6dden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.040543","article-title":"Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study","volume":"89","author":"Reinhard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brit J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00308.2010","article-title":"Effects of vision restoration training on early visual cortex in patients with cerebral blindness investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"105","author":"Raemaekers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2016.08.010","article-title":"Homonymous hemianopia and vision restoration therapy","volume":"35","author":"Frolov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008388","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008388.pub3","article-title":"Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke","volume":"5","author":"Pollock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00392.x","article-title":"A new generation of algorithms for computerized threshold perimetry, SITA","volume":"75","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scan"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00090303","article-title":"Phase II of the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC II): rationale and methods","volume":"24","author":"Weiland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"341","article-title":"Vision-and health-related quality of life before and after vision restoration training in cerebrally damaged patients","volume":"26","author":"Gall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neuros"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000429","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2019-000429","article-title":"Eye tracking based visual field analysis (EFA): a reliable and precise perimetric methodology for the assessment of visual field defects","volume":"6","author":"Leitner","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthal"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249762","article-title":"Salzburg visual field trainer (SVFT). A virtual reality device for (the evaluation of) neuropsychological rehabilitation","volume":"16","author":"Leitner","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/719096","article-title":"A prospective profile of visual field loss following stroke: prevalence, type, rehabilitation, and outcome","volume":"2013","author":"Rowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bio Med Res Int"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203338.54323.22","article-title":"Natural history of homonymous hemianopia","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.10.002","article-title":"Cortical magnification plus cortical plasticity equals vision?","volume":"111","author":"Born","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00192","article-title":"Visual rehabilitation: visual scanning, multisensory stimulation and vision restoration trainings","volume":"9","author":"Dundon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0006-7","article-title":"Visual analogue scales (VAS): measuring instruments for the documentation of symptoms and therapy monitoring in cases of allergic rhinitis in everyday health care","volume":"26","author":"Klimek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergo J Int"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32910-7_18","article-title":"Sehen und Augenbewegungen","volume-title":"Physiologie des menschen mit Pathophysiologie","author":"Eysel","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"19","article-title":"Rehabilitation of chronic post-stroke visual field defect with computer-assisted training","volume":"21","author":"Julkunen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"123","article-title":"Functional brain imaging, clinical and neurophysiological outcome of visual rehabilitation in a chronic stroke patient","volume":"24","author":"Julkunen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5994","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2790-20.2021","article-title":"Increased visual sensitivity and occipital activity in patients with hemianopia following vision rehabilitation","volume":"41","author":"Ajina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2021.1951302","article-title":"Visual field improvement in neglect after virtual reality intervention: a single-case study","volume":"27","author":"Leitner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102292","article-title":"Functional connectivity of the Precuneus reflects effectiveness of visual restitution training in chronic hemianopia","volume":"27","author":"Halbertsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.05.027","article-title":"Visual rehabilitation training alters attentional networks in hemianopia: an fMRI study","volume":"129","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-104588","article-title":"Are visual field defects reversible?\u2013Visual rehabilitation with brains","volume":"234","author":"Sabel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2018.1477684","article-title":"Use of immersive virtual reality to assess episodic memory: a validation study in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Lecavalier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00534-1","article-title":"Evaluation of a VR prototype for neuropsychological rehabilitation of attentional functions","volume":"27","author":"Lorentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2020.1831935","article-title":"Feasibility and user-exeperience of virtual reality in neuropsychological assessment following stroke","volume":"32","author":"Spreij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa128","article-title":"Functional preservation and enhanced capacity for visual restoration in subacute occipital stroke","volume":"143","author":"Saionz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000700","article-title":"Open-label placebo treatment in chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"157","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xv","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(18)30027-8","article-title":"The fascinating mechanisms and implications of the placebo effect","volume":"138","author":"Colloca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000884","article-title":"Rehabilitation of cortically-induced visual field loss","volume":"34","author":"Saionz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819410-2.00030-8","article-title":"Rehabilitation of visual perception in cortical blindness","volume":"184","author":"Saionz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151736","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1151736","article-title":"Innovative vision rehabilitation method for hemianopia: comparing pre-and post audio-luminous biofeedback training for ocular motility improving visual functions and quality of life","volume":"14","author":"Misawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.07.048","article-title":"The effects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) on global motion processing: an equivalent noise approach","volume":"11","author":"Ghin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3248-18.2019","article-title":"Boosting learning efficacy with noninvasive brain stimulation in intact and brain-damaged humans","volume":"39","author":"Herpich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01235","article-title":"Rapid improvement on a temporal attention task within a single session of high-frequency Transcranial random noise stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Tyler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4519-15.2016","article-title":"Transcranial random noise stimulation of visual cortex: stochastic resonance enhances central mechanisms of perception","volume":"36","author":"Van der Groen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1114718\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1688017564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1114718\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2023.1114718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1114718","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"article-number":"1114718"}}