{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:10:26Z","timestamp":1787317826274,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have shown that cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) can increase hematoma volume and predict poor outcomes following primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine whether a large hematoma volume was the essential factor contributing to worse outcomes of cSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with spontaneous ICH underwent a CT scan within 48 h after ictus. Evaluation of cSS was performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 7 days. The 90-day outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). In addition, we investigated the correlation between cSS, hematoma volume, and 90-day outcomes using multivariate regression and mediation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 673 patients with ICH [mean (SD) age, 61 (13) years; 237 female subjects (35.2%); median (IQR) hematoma volume, 9.0 (3.0\u201317.6) ml], 131 (19.5%) had cSS. There was an association between cSS and larger hematoma volume (\u03b2 = 4.449, 95% CI 1.890\u20137.009,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) independent of hematoma location and was also related to worse 90-day mRS (\u03b2 = 0.333, 95% CI 0.008\u20130.659,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045) in multivariable regression. In addition, mediation analyses revealed that hematoma volume was an essential factor mediating the effect of cSS on unfavorable 90-day outcomes (proportion mediated:66.04%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large hematoma volume was the major charge of directing cSS to worse outcomes in patients with mild to moderate ICH, and cSS was related to a larger hematoma in both lobar and non-lobar areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04803292<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier: NCT04803292.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1122744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T01:25:39Z","timestamp":1683249939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cortical superficial siderosis, hematoma volume, and outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage: a mediation 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