{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:36:17Z","timestamp":1781642177031,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number: 2021R1A2C1013206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number: 2021R1A2C1013206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, often triggered by infection. We aimed to investigate how the incidence of GBS changed in the early stages of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when nationwide infections declined due to non-pharmaceutical interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective GBS cohort study using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. Patients with new-onset GBS were defined as those who were first hospitalized between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 with an International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision code, for GBS (G61.0) as a primary diagnosis. The incidence of GBS in the pre-pandemic years (2016\u20132019) was compared with that in the first pandemic year (2020). Nationwide epidemiological data for infections were collected from the national infectious disease surveillance system. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the incidence of GBS and nationwide trends of various infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 3,637 new-onset GBS cases were identified. The age-standardized incidence of GBS in the first pandemic year was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.01\u20131.19) per 100,000 persons. Compared to the first pandemic year, the incidence of GBS during the pre-pandemic years (1.33\u20131.68\/100,000 persons\/year) was significantly higher, with incidence rate ratios of 1.21\u20131.53 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Nationwide cases of upper respiratory viral infections were significantly reduced in the first pandemic year; however, <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infections peaked in the summer of the pandemic. The nationwide epidemiology of parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, and <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infections correlated positively with GBS incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall GBS incidence decreased in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be attributed to the dramatic reduction in viral illnesses due to public measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1125455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T06:27:07Z","timestamp":1676960827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Incidence of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome in South Korea during the early COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sun Ah","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junho","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Chan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Ahn","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0250-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in ten steps","volume":"15","author":"Leonhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1110","article-title":"The spectrum of antecedent infections in 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